Nestlé and Nestlé Malaysia

Nestlã © and Nestlã © Malaysia Official SUMMARY The current organization that has chosen is Nestlã © (Malaysia) Berhad. This report begins with a presentation and a concise history about Nestlã © and Nestlã © Malaysia. This report incorporates the vision and mission of Nestlã © and how Nestlã © will accomplish them. This report additionally incorporates a short outline of Nestlã ©s showcase division with models gave. It talks about the qualities and issues of the organization followed by the answers for understand the issues. At long last, there are a few proposals suggested by our gathering and a finish of this entire report. Chapter by chapter list Evaluation Criteria..2 Written falsification Report..3 Official Summary. 4 Table of Contents..5 Content Introduction..6 Market Segmentation7 Strengths8-9 Issues and Solutions.9-11 Recommendations..11-12 Conclusion.12 References.13 Appendix14 CONTENT Presentation Nestlã © is a worldwide organization and is of the universes biggest in food and refreshments industry. Heinrich Nestlã ©, whom otherwise called Henri Nestlã ©, was the author of Nestlã © Company (Nestle. 2010, Introduction, Nestlã © [Online] accessible at www.nestle.com), which headquarter is in Vevey, Switzerland in the time of 1866. Nestlã © Malaysia was built up in the time of 1912 in Malaysia as Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company. Nestlã © Malaysia head office is presently situated in Mutiara Damansara, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, and has 6 deals workplaces with in excess of 5000 representatives across the country. Furthermore, Nestlã © makes its own items in 7 plants and markets more than 300 Halal items the country over. (Nestlã ©. 2010, Nestlã © in Malaysia, Nestlã © [Online] accessible at www.nestle.com.my) Nestlã © represented considerable authority in nourishments and drinks industry, a couple of the many notable brands Nestlã © has in Malaysia incorporates Maggi , Nescafã ©, Milo, Kit Kat, Nesvita (once in the past known as Nestum), just as pet consideration items, for example, Purina and Friskies. Nestlã ©s vision (Nestlã ©. 2010, Corporate Philosophy, Nestlã © [Online] accessible at www.nestle.com.my) is to be the pioneer in Nutrition, Health, and Wellness Company by conveying world-class results of the most elevated steady quality, unwavering quality, and comfort dependent on business greatness standards all through the activity. Nestlã ©s mission (The Nestlã © Corporate Essence Our foundations and wings 2007, p.4) is to upgrade the personal satisfaction with great food and refreshments, all over the place, so individuals could carry on with a more advantageous life. So as to accomplish their vision and strategic, Nutrition Research Center (Nestlã ©. 2010, Research Development, Nestlã © [Online] accessible at www.nestle.co.jp) gives incredible consideration to comprehend the shoppers dietary and enthusiastic needs and use todays world better science and innovation than produce excellent items to the world. MARKET SEGMENTATION Each shopper has various requirements. Henceforth, it is beyond the realm of imagination to expect to fulfill each client utilizing an equivalent advertising division, which is otherwise called mass showcasing by offering a solitary promoting blend to all customers. Besides, as a worldwide market has gotten incredibly serious, and purchasers are progressively requesting which is extremely hard to fulfill. Accordingly, Nestlã © utilizes target showcasing for each item to their clients. For instance, in buyer item, Nestlã © infant milk item, for example, Nestlã © Neslac Excella Gold is portioned distinctly to babies and little children. Be that as it may, child doesn't have the limit or capacity to purchase the food they required. Along these lines, to advertise this infant milk item, Nestlã © doesn't completely concentrating on babys fundamental need which is hunger, yet in addition to the babys guardians as far as how the nourishment gave will give their kids the most ideal favorable circumstances in the childrens life and advancement. Another model is Nestlã © Milo, the milk drink with chocolate and malt. Wear Howart, the official executive of Nestlã © and Singapore Coffee and Beverages asserted that Milo stays mainstream among the youthful and has a 90% (The Sun. 2010, Milo with ProtoMalt to traverse the day, Sun2Surf [Online] accessible at www.sun2surf.com) piece of the pie among chocolate malt drinks in Malaysia. Other than the adolescents, elderly folks individuals and dynamic individuals are additionally part of the objective markets of Nestlã © Milo drinks. Notwithstanding, from the outset, Nestlã ©s business was propelled universally and understood the way that food items must be considered to the nearby eating and social conduct because of the specific countrys practices, societies, and conventions. In this manner, (1) Nestlã © has consistently indicated regard for differing societies and conventions and attempting to incorporate itself however much as could be expected into the way of life and customs, adding additionally to the nearby condition its own arrangement of qualities. Along these lines, (2) Nestlã © grasps social and social assorted variety and doesn't segregate based on birthplace, nationality, religion, race, sexual orientation or age. (The Nestlã © Management and Leadership Principles 2006, p.9) Qualities Nestlã © is a global organization, also Nestlã © is likewise the biggest business in nourishments and refreshments, thus Nestlã © has each ability to draw in more customers contrast with the neighborhood organizations. Because of its high piece of the pie and high money related influence, Nestlã © likewise has more noteworthy monetary ability in adjusting existing items as far as bundling, the equation of the specific item and others or making new items, just as to adjust or overhaul most recent data framework innovation in assembling, request handling and other related fields so as to support their upper hand by conveying lower cost of products and ventures than their rivals in this powerful condition. Furthermore, Nestlã © has a significant viable key advertising ability. For instance, Nestlã © Maggi moment noodles has constructed a steady patent and is very notable in numerous nations particularly in Australia and Malaysia. This is on the grounds that Maggi moment noodles is anything but difficult to be separated from its rivals, for example, Cintan Instant Noodles. In addition, Nestlã © has likewise built up an exceptionally solid brand name for Maggi moment noodles on account of solid publicizing, which has instilled the vast majority of the individuals to name different brands of moment noodles as Maggi moment noodle rather than the brands unique name. Besides, Nestlã © additionally has a solid Research and Development tasks that encourages the organization to accomplish cross-fringe cooperative energy, for example, bundling its worldwide items to nearby inclinations. Nestlã © additionally stresses on utilizing todays data innovation, which Nestlã © trust it will introduce a drawn out open door for them to smoothen the companys activity or to expand effectiveness in bundling, among some other companys tasks. Moreover, Nestlã © additionally has better mechanical ability, for example, to revamp the current items to be increasingly inventive, higher caliber, and a lot more beneficial item as Nestlã © understood that buyer focused development and redesign is the most significant mainstay of Nestlã ©s overall technique, which would quicken Nestlã © to progress from great to better. (The Nestlã © Corporate Essence Our underlying foundations and wings 2007, p.34) And due to Nestlã ©s responsibilities, more individuals trust on th e items conveyed by Nestlã © as a result of its legitimate wellbeing and security measures. In addition, Nestlã © additionally has incredible initiative qualities. The pioneers, for example, the top officials, branch directors, and others are capable in building association capacity. For instance, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Nestlã © S.A., Peter Brabeck, (Castelarhost. 2005, Nestlã © LC1 S.W.O.T Analysis, Castelar Articles [Online] accessible at www.articles.castelarhost.com) accentuates inner development around the world, which intends to accomplish higher volumes of deals by enhancing the items, redesign existing items, and improve new items, to keep pace in the business in light of quickly changing of buyer desires. Issues AND SOLUTIONS Nestlã © produces several items, has a worldwide system of providers, and different disseminations and selling channels. Henceforth, to foresee and react in this quickly changing in showcase request condition is troublesome. When determining a market request, Nestlã © will require data to identify shifts popular early so they could alter for patterns and send the correct messages to the providers, shippers, and dispersion focuses before they are flood with undesirable or imperfect merchandise or deficiencies. (Manhattan Associates. 2010, Planning and estimating: Anticipate and Respond to Changes in Demand, Manhattan Associates [Online] at www.manh.com) In any case, each organization has its most fragile connections, so is Nestlã ©. The most vulnerable connections are issues they can't control. (Labs. 2010, Supply Chain Efficiency Starts at the Top, Food Engineering [Online] accessible at www.foodengineeringmag.com) Firstly, the most widely recognized issue is the wellsprings of flexibly of crude materials. This is because of an abrupt and sudden expanded sought after, which will cause outrageous flexibly deficiencies for products that will bring about significant cost increments. For example, awful climate and catastrophic events have consistently been an issue influencing approaching crude materials. Also, the error of requests got in stock. No organization can ever accomplish the necessity of zero imperfections particularly in nourishments and drinks industry. For instance, when the buying branch of Nestlã © requested 10,000 of blended berries yogurt from its vendor, however what the retailer got was just 8,000 of blended berri es yogurt, or on another event they may got imperfect inventories. Another model is, when Nestlã © tells its seller that they required additional sets of a specific item to be delivered immediately in light of unforeseen expanded sought after, however truth be told, the provider may as of now has orders from different cus

Why Stereotypes Are a Good Topic For Your Academic Research Paper?

Why Stereotypes Are a Good Topic For Your Academic Research Paper?In preparing your academic research paper, you'll have a stereotype essay topic on which to base your writing. A stereotype essay, or a stereotype essay topic, is the name given to an essay that discusses a particular group of people, usually because of their appearance, race, religion, etc.It can be argued that the purpose of such a stereotyped topic is to display how people's beliefs, prejudices, and general judgments of others are based on a pre-conceived impression based on their appearance, whether a specific way or style of dress, gender, ethnic origin, etc. Using a stereotype essay topic, especially in your academic research paper, will make it more meaningful and accurate to the readers.Stereotypes have been around for centuries. Much has been written about them throughout history. The most famous stereotyping examples of course are those that involve women and blacks.Examples of a generic stereotype theme can include a show where the lead character is male and female characters exist in their place. This is most often found in the field of comedy and often becomes hilarious when a female character in the story is forced to participate. This makes the girls more likeable and allows us to take notice at how we think.A specific stereotypical topic can be used in an academic paper when the subject is a particular type of person. For example, if your research is about one particular race or ethnicity, a very stereotypical example of this might be 'White Trash'.This may come from writing about the worst players on professional sports teams, something that many people enjoy doing when they visit professional sports teams to watch games. This example will use specific race and ethnic details to make the situation more real and believable.Today, many people see it as acceptable to comment on these stereotypical examples, and sometimes it would be a good idea to use them as a basis for an academic paper. If a writer can use it effectively in their piece, it can give them a better understanding of the situation as well as provide an interesting contrast with other examples of stereotypical topics.One good thing about using this type of essay topic is that you can apply it to just about any situation. Whether it's a political issue, a business issue, a social issue, a corporate issue, etc., you can find a stereotype topic that is relevant to the situation and will allow you to create an essay that will impress the reader. It's easy to come up with, and gives you some help when you need it.

Supervised Image Classification Techniques

Regulated Image Classification Techniques Presentation In this part, a survey of Web-Based GIS Technology and Satellite picture characterization strategies. Area 2.2 presents an audit of Web-Based GIS Technology.in segment 2.3 Satellite pictures characterization procedures are reviewed.In segment 2.4 presents the related work .segment 2.5 presents employments of online GIS applications in genuine world. Area 2.6 presents accessible business web GIS destinations. Segment 2.7 audits the kinds of Geospatial Web Services (OGC) 2.3 Image Classification Picture characterization is a method to consequently classify all pixels in an Image of a territory into land spread classes. Regularly, multispectral information are utilized to Perform the characterization of the ghastly example present inside the information for every pixel is utilized as the numerical reason for order. This idea is managed under the Broad subject, to be specific, Pattern Recognition. Phantom example acknowledgment alludes to the Family of arrangement strategies that uses this pixel-by-pixel ghastly data as the reason for mechanized land spread grouping. Spatial example acknowledgment includes the arrangement of picture pixels based on the spatial relationship with pixels encompassing them. Picture arrangement procedures are gathered into two kinds, to be specific administered and unsupervised[1]. The arrangement procedure may likewise incorporate highlights, Such as, land surface height and the dirt sort that are not gotten from the picture. Two classifications o f order are contained various sorts of strategies can be found in fig Fig. 1 Flow Chart demonstrating Image Classification[1] 2.3 Basic strides to apply Supervised Classification An administered characterization calculation requires a preparation test for each class, that is, an assortment of information guides known toward have originated from the class of intrigue. The grouping is in this way dependent on how close a point to be ordered is to each preparation test. We will not endeavor to characterize the word close other than to state that both Geometric and factual separation measures are utilized in pragmatic example acknowledgment calculations. The preparation tests are illustrative of the known classes important to the investigator. Arrangement strategies that hand-off on utilization of preparing designs are called directed grouping methods[1]. The three fundamental advances (Fig. 2) engaged with an ordinary regulated order technique are as per the following: Fig. 2. Essential advances managed order [1] (I) Training stage: The expert recognizes agent preparing territories and creates numerical depictions of the ghastly marks of each land spread kind of enthusiasm for the scene. (ii) The order stag(Decision Rule)e: Each pixel in the picture informational index IS classified into the land spread class it most intently looks like. On the off chance that the pixel is deficiently like any preparation informational collection it is normally marked Unknown. (iii) The yield stage: The outcomes might be utilized in various manners. Three common types of yield items are topical maps, tables and computerized information documents which become input information for GIS. The yield of picture arrangement becomes contribution for GIS for spatial investigation of the territory. Fig. 2 portrays the progression of tasks to be performed during picture order of remotely detected information of a territory which eventually prompts make database as a contribution for GIS. Plate 6 shows the land use/land spread shading coded picture, which is a yield of picture 2.3.1 Decision Rule in picture classiffication After the marks are characterized, the pixels of the picture are arranged into classes dependent on the marks by utilization of a grouping choice standard. The choice standard is a numerical calculation that, utilizing information contained in the mark, plays out the genuine arranging of pixels into unmistakable class values[2]. There are various incredible directed classifiers dependent on the insights, which are ordinarily, utilized for different applications. A couple of them are a base separation to implies technique, normal separation strategy, parallelepiped strategy, most extreme probability strategy, adjusted greatest probability strategy, Baysians technique, choice tree arrangement, and discriminant capacities. Choice Rule can be ordered into two kinds: 1-Parametric Decision Rule: A parametric choice standard is prepared by the parametric marks. These marks are characterized by the mean vector and covariance network for the information record estimations of the pixels in the marks. At the point when a parametric choice principle is utilized, each pixel is alloted to a class since the parametric choice space is continuous[3] 2-Nonparametric Decision Rule A nonparametric choice standard did not depend on insights; subsequently, it is free of the properties of the information. On the off chance that a pixel is situated inside the limit of a nonparametric signature, at that point this choice guideline doles out the pixel to the marks class. Essentially, a nonparametric choice standard decides if the pixel is situated within nonparametric mark boundary[3] . 2.3.2 directed calculation for picture classiffication The standards and working calculations of all these directed classifiers are determined as follow : Parallelepiped Classification Parallelepiped arrangement, in some cases otherwise called box choice principle, or level-cut strategies, depend on the scopes of qualities inside the preparation information to characterize locales inside a multidimensional information space. The otherworldly estimations of unclassified pixels are anticipated into information space; those that fall inside the locales characterized by the preparation information are doled out to the proper classifications [1]. In this technique a parallelepiped-like (i.e., hyper-square shape) subspace is characterized for each class. Utilizing the preparation information for each class the restrictions of the parallelepiped subspace can be characterized either by the base and greatest pixel esteems in the given class, or by a specific number of standard deviations on either side of the mean of the preparation information for the given class . The pixels lying inside the parallelepipeds are labeled to this class. Figure portrays this basis in instance s of two-dimensional element space[4]. Fig. 3. Usage of the parallelepiped arrangement strategy for three classes utilizing two ghostly groups, after[4]. Least Distance Classification for directed arrangement, these gatherings are framed by estimations of pixels inside the preparation fields characterized by the analyst.Each bunch can be spoken to by its centroid, regularly characterized as its mean worth. As unassigned pixels are considered for task to one of the few classes, the multidimensional separation to each bunch centroid is determined, and the pixel is then doled out to the nearest group. Along these lines the arrangement continues by continually utilizing the base good ways from an offered pixel to a bunch centroid characterized by the preparation information as the otherworldly sign of an educational class. Least separation classifiers are immediate in idea and in usage however are not broadly utilized in remote detecting work. In its least difficult structure, least separation order isn't constantly precise; there is no arrangement for obliging contrasts in inconstancy of classes, and a few classes may cover at their edges. It is conceivable to devise progressively advanced adaptations of the essential methodology simply sketched out by utilizing diverse separation measures and various strategies for characterizing bunch centroids.[1] Fig. 4. Least separation classifier[1] The Euclidean separation is the most widely recognized separation metric utilized in low dimensional informational collections. It is otherwise called the L2 standard. The Euclidean separation is the standard way where separation is estimated in genuine world. In this sense, Manhattan separation will in general be progressively powerful to boisterous information. Euclidean separation = (1) Where x and y are m-dimensional vectors and indicated by x = (x1, x2, x3 xm) and y = (y1, y2, y3 ym) speak to the m trait estimations of two classes. [5]. While Euclidean measurement is helpful in low measurements, it doesnt function admirably in high measurements and for clear cut factors. Mahalanobis Distance Mahalanobis Distance is like Minimum Distance, then again, actually the covariance framework is utilized in the condition. Mahalanobis separation is a notable factual separation work. Here, a proportion of fluctuation can be consolidated into the separation metric legitimately. Mahalanobis separation is a separation measure between two focuses in the space characterized by at least two connected factors. In other words, Mahalanobis separation takes the relationships inside an informational index between the variable into thought. In the event that there are two non-corresponded factors, the Mahalanobis separation between the purposes of the variable in a 2D disperse plot is same as Euclidean separation. In numerical terms, the Mahalanobis separation is equivalent to the Euclidean separation when the covariance framework is the unit grid. This is actually the situation at that point if the two sections of the normalized information grid are symmetrical. The Mahalanobis separation reli es upon the covariance framework of the property and satisfactorily represents the connections. Here, the covariance network is used to address the impacts of cross-covariance between two parts of arbitrary variable[6, 7]. D=(X-Mc)T (COVc)- 1(X-Mc) ( 2) where D = Mahalanobis Distance, c = a specific class, X = estimation vector of the applicant pixel Mc = mean vector of the mark of class c, Covc = covariance network of the pixels in the mark of class c, Covc-1 = backwards of Covc, T = transposition function[3]. Most extreme Likelihood Classification In nature the classes that we order display characteristic variety in their otherworldly examples. Further changeability is included by the impacts of fog, topographic shadowing, framework commotion, and the impacts of blended pixels. Therefore, remote detecting pictures only from time to time record frightfully unadulterated classes; all the more commonly, they show a scope of brightnesss in each band. The characterization techniques thought about hitherto don't co

Character Analysis of August Wilsons Fences - 879 Words

In the play Fences, by August Wilson, the main character, Troy Maxson is involved in numerous relationships with family members throughout the entire eight years that the story takes place. Troy is a father, husband, and brother to other characters in the play. Unfortunately for Troy, a strong-minded and aggressive man, he constantly complicates the relationships with his family members. Troys hurtful actions and words make it nearly impossible for him to sustain healthy relationships with not only his two sons, but also his wife and brother. Perhaps the most important and fulfilling relationship a man can be involved in is one with his own flesh and blood. At the beginning of the play, we learn that Troy has two sons, Lyons and Cory.†¦show more content†¦It is obvious to the audience that Troy and Cory simply do not get along. The two are constantly bickering, mostly about Corys dream to play football at the college level. Since playing baseball did not get Troy anywhere, h e feels that football will not benefit Cory and that Cory should get recruited in how to fix cars or something where he can make a living (8). Troy constantly denounces Corys dream and pressures his son to quit the highschool football team so that he can work at the local grocery store. The verbal abuse of Cory by Troy is enough to make Cory question whether or not his own father even likes him, but it is not until after Troys affair with Alberta is out in the open that Troy and Corys unhealthy relationship reaches a whole new level. After finding out about Troys affair, Cory stands up to his father in order to protect his mother during an altercation between Troy and Rose. Troy nearly hits Cory, but he is able to stop himself before threatening Cory by saying, You better stay away from me, boy (72). Cory and Troys relationship following this incident is practically nonexistant until the time of their last fight. During that fight, after two months of staying out of his fathers way, Cory has finally had enough of Troys verbal abuse and once again stands up to him. This quarrel ends with Troy nearly hitting Cory with a baseball bat, but he is once again able to stopShow MoreRelatedThe Interpretation Of August Wilsons Fences By Denzel Wilson724 Words   |  3 PagesAugust Wilsons’ play â€Å"Fences† gave the American stage one of the most renowned characters. As Wilson originally writes in the play, Troy Maxson, who is an uneducated sanitation worker and a former Negro League Baseball player is depicted as a multi-faceted tragic figure from the mid-1950s Pittsburgh of Wilson’s childhood. 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Next, students read the play Fences by Pulitzer Prize winner August Wilson and analyze the role of stories within in the story to create tension and advance the plot. Fences is the foundation for the unit’s cornerstone task: after ranking and discussing important lines in the play, student perform them, and reflect on the impact of the important lines

Whether the Class Conflict Inevitable Free Essay Example, 1750 words

It is evidently clear from the discussion that class conflict can turn into volatile situations especially during periods of crisis that involve politics or the economy because these often lead towards either attempts to overthrow long-established elites or elites attempting to repress the masses in a bid to retain their political and economic power. Korotayev and Zinkina state that under such circumstances, a class conflict might lead to such actions as extreme repression, the restriction of freedoms, and extreme violence that might result in the deaths of many individuals within society. Long-held grievances come to the fore during these situations and it is necessary to ensure that studies be conducted on these grievances before they explode into real conflicts. A better understanding of problems that lead to a class conflict can be achieved through the survey method. Surveys conducted in the United States have shown that a large number of individuals within that society believe that class conflict has surged as a result of government policies that are favorable to the economic elite. The ability of economic elites to influence government policy in their favor is based on their sponsoring of powerful lobbies that ensure their interests are well protected. We will write a custom essay sample on Whether the Class Conflict Inevitable or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now American masses cannot afford these actions and it results in their being taken advantage of by the economic elite. Under these circumstances, class conflict is inevitable because, in a society that prides itself inequality, the gap between the wealthy and the poor is fast increasing, making even government policies ineffective in curbing it. It is stated that in most developed societies, it is acknowledged that wealth inequality is part of their societies and that it needs to be addressed early to ensure that serious conflicts do not arise as a result. However, despite the welfare programs governments in developed countries to ensure that the disadvantaged also enjoy the benefits of capitalism, they have not succeeded in addressing inequalities run that.

Walt Disney at the Beginning - 978 Words

You walk into the living room and you hear the famous Disney music coming from the television that your child is placed in front of. You start to wonder where did your favorite Disney movies came from? How did they come about into the human world or how were they produced? What was Walt Disney’s childhood like when he was younger that made him want to animate and put together cartoons and movies? Where did his career start off from and how did he get to such a place. But the more important question, who is taking over now that Walt Disney has passed? Who is keeping on the traditions of Mickey and all of his famous characters? These are some questions that I set out to look more upon of Walt Disney. In what I’ve researched is what is going to be presented to you in Walt Disney: A Key to Childhood Hearts. On December 5th. 1901 in the town of Chicago, Illinois a baby boy was born with the name of Walter Elias Disney, or as we know, Walt Disney. Growing up as a child Waltâ €™s father, Elias, was a very strict and religious man. His father would physically beat him and his siblings if any sort of toys, drawings, or any type of entertainment was found around the house. His wife, Flora, feared him too. When Walt was born his father was a construction worker and his mother a stay at home mom to five Disney children. His father later then took up a farm in Marceline, Missouri where they then moved to. Walter always loved all the animals on the farm and felt like they were his friends.Show MoreRelatedEssay on The Real Walt Disney1080 Words   |  5 PagesThe Real Walt Disney Walt Disney as a real man. Walter Elias Disney was born on December 5, 1901 in Chicago, Illinois to his parents, Elias Disney an Irish Canadian and Flora Call Disney, a German American. Walt was one of four children. Walt and his brother Roy and sister Ruth grew up in Chicago, where they attended Benton Grammar School together. He worked hard throughout his schooling and helped support his family during difficult times. When Walt was 23 years old, he and his sweetheart, LillyRead MoreWalt Disney : A Pioneer Of Cartoon Films And As The Founder Of The Disney Company957 Words   |  4 Pagesimagination ¨ (Disney, 2014). Walter Elias  ¨Walt ¨ Disney is famous as a pioneer of cartoon films and as the founder of The Walt Disney Company. He was an American motion-picture producer, television producer, and a showman. Disney came from humble beginnings but ended up transforming the entertainment industry. Walt Disney had a challenging childhood, grew up and chose a career that would l iven up his life, achieved many accomplishments, and left a legacy for years to come. Childhood Walt Disney was bornRead MoreWalt Disney : King Of Animation1619 Words   |  7 PagesWalt Disney: King of Animation â€Å"If you can dream it, you can do it† and that is exactly what Walt Disney did (beginnings).These words meant that Walt Disney visioned the world in ways many did not. He created and founded many well known landmarks, movies, and animations. Walt Disney’s creative talents as an artist led him to invent sound animation and later become an entrepreneur of the first wide-scaled theme park. Walt Disney, born in Chicago, Illinois, on December 5, 1901, was the child of EliasRead MoreWalt Disney Has A Vast Effect On My Personal Journey As An Artist1321 Words   |  6 PagesWalt Disney has a vast effect on my personal journey as an artist. From Walt Disney’s childhood and humble beginning in Marceline, Missouri, to creation of the Walt Disney Animation Studios of today, Walt’s story is one of perseverance. His story is one I have felt a unique connection too, and although there are some clear correlations and definite distinctions between our life experiences and art, I aspire to match his greatness. Walt Disney’s unconventional life experiences led to his variedRead MoreWalt Disneys The Disney Company1586 Words   |  7 PagesCompany in Brief The Walt Disney Company all began when Walt Disney made his way to California with his â€Å"pilot† film of Alice’s Wonderland to sell â€Å"Alice Comedies† to a distributor. He was contracted to distribute â€Å"Alice Comedies† on October 16,1923 which is the beginning of the â€Å"Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio† which later became the Disney Company. For the first couple of decades the Disney Company was only geared toward one business segment, studio entertainment. Walt had the desire to branchRead MoreSummary Of Disney And His Worlds934 Words   |  4 Pagesreview, I have chosen to read Disney and His Worlds by Alan Bryman. 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Walt Disney once stated, â€Å"You can dream, create, design and build the most wonderful place in the world but it requires people to make the dream a reality† (Sparks, 2007). Marty Sklar, Vice Chairman and principal creative executive for Walt Disney Imagineering was quoted as saying, â€Å"From

Biology Molecule Essay Example For Students

Biology Molecule Essay Unit 1 -man is high 50s to 60% water -distribution in body divided into 3compartments: 1) intracellular 28 litres 2) intercellular/interstitial fluid 11 litres 80% 3) blood plasma 3 litres 20% -women contain less water thanmen -organisms can contain 60-80% water -bacteria have lots of water -fat cellshave little -waters properties result from its structure and molecularinteractions -water is polar -polar covalent bonds and asymmetrical shape giveit opposite charges on opposite sides -electrons spend more time around O givingH a slight positive charge -hydrogen bonds form between the oxygen of onemolecule and the hydrogen of another -cohesion: substance being held together byhydrogen bonds -hydrogen bonds are transient yet enough is always held togetherto give water more structure than almost any other liquid -beads and meniscusformed by cohesion (also helps upward transport of water in plants) -adhesioncounteracts downward pull of gravity -water has greater surface tension thanmo st liquids -surface molecules are hydrogen bonded to molecules below andaround them -surface tension can hinder life (i.e. beading in the alveoli oflungs) -makes water unwettable -surfactants used to counteract this -waterhas a high specific heat which allows it to resist extreme temperature changes-has a high heat of vaporization that causes it to require alot of energy tochange states -when sweating, heat energy is utilized to change states fromliquid to gas, causing a drop in temperature -as a solid water is less densethan as a liquid and will float -charged regions of molecules have an electricalattraction to charged ions -water surrounds ions separating and shielding themfrom one another -polar compounds are generally soluble -charged regions ofwater are attracted to oppositely charged regions of other polar molecules-polar molecules are miscible in other polar liquids -most water moleculesdont dissociate (~ 1/554 million do) -hydrogen atom in hydrogen bond betweenthe two water molecules may shift from the oxygen atom it is covalently bondedto the unshared orbitals of the oxygen that it is hydrogen bonded to -hydrogenion is transferred creating a hydronium ion and leaving a hydroxide ion -thesolvent is water itself -at equilibrium water is not dissociated -at equilibriumin pure water at 25oC = -pH of this solution is 7 (neutral) -high pH= low acidity -acids are substances that increase the relative and removeOH- because it tends to combine with H+ to form water if * , it isacidic and has a pH between 0 and 7 -bases are substances that reduce therelative in a solution -it may increase the -if * , it isbasic and has a pH greater than 7 -buffers are important in the body to keep thepH range between 6 and 8 -pH of blood is between 7.34 and 7.44 -mustnt shiftbelow 7.2 or acidosis will occur -some body zones may have a pH as low as 0.5 oras high as 10 -buffers minimize sudden changes and are a combo of hydrogendonors and hydrogen acceptors -ions are a ccepted when in excess and donated whenin short supply -in biological systems an example is the bicarbonate buffer -inresponse to a rise in pH, the carbonic acid dissociates to form a carbonate ionand a hydrogen proton -if there is a drop, it is reversed (pH up = to right, pHdown = to left) -equilibrium is established but it is always moving to the leftor the right -a balance is the optimum pH -other body buffers include proteinmolecules which donate and accept amino acids to stabilize pH -most of the restof organisms is made up of carbon based compounds like carbs, lipids, proteins,nucleic acids -carbon compounds are known as organic -vitalism is the belief ina life force outside the control of chemical laws -this has been disproved aswater, ammonia, hydrogen and methane have been combined in a lab to form organicsubstances -C+O+H = carbohydrates -C+H+N = amino acids, urea, proteins, lipids-carbon atoms are the most versatile building blocks -each has 4 valences wherebonds can form -carbon chains form the skeleton of most organic molecules -maybe straight or branched, long or short, or in closed rings -hydrocarbons containonly hydrogen and carbon -they form when organic matter decomposes andfunctional groups break off leaving a skeleton -hydrocarbon chains, branches,and rings can be modified by other elements which are joined on in a particularmatter -these are components of organic molecules that are often involved inchemical reactions -they replace 1 or more hydrogens in a hydrocarbonCarbohydrates: -sugars and starches -nonsugars: plant starch, animal starch,cellulose, chitin -come from pasta, rice, flour, fruit, syrups -important sourceof energy, can be oxidized to release energy, improves your mood -contain C, H,and O, with generally 2 times as much H as O -sugar names usually end with -ose,and are named depending on the number of carbons in them (e.g. triose, pentose)-6 carbon sugars, hexoses, are most important -general formula is C6H12O6, andin living systems, the state is aqueous -solids exist in chains, and liquids asrings -the molecular formula is the same for different hexoses, but thestructural formula differs -other isomers of glucose can be reorganized by cellsinto alpha glucose, and then oxidized -glucose is the major nutrient for cellsand its carbon skeleton is raw material for the synthesis of other organicsDisaccharides: -2 hexose sugars-most common are: sucrose, lactose and maltose-glucose + glucose = maltose + water -glucose + fructose = sucrose + water-glucose + galactose = lactose + water -this process is known as condensation ordehydration synthesis -synthesis of disaccharides doesnt happen in the humanbody, but usually they are eaten and digested, through a process known ashydrolysis or disaccharidases Polysaccharides: -these are macromolecules thatare made by condensation when monosaccharides are joined -general molecularformula isC6H12O5 -common polysaccharides are amylose, amylopectin (plantstarch), glycogen ( animal starch), cellulose (cell wall material), chitin(leathery covering of invertebrates) -plants use glucose to grow, and extra isstored in the roots in a soluble form which is then reactivated in the spring this reactivates the growing process year after year -animal starch is stored inspecial cells (average person has a 24 hour supply) and can readily be convertedinto glucose for use -cellulose and chitin are structural carbohydrates -amyloseis formed when glucose molecules join in a 1-4 linkage pattern -first carbon ofone glucose links to the fourth carbon of another -this is a covalent bond or aglycosiolic link -bond is angular and forms a spiral called an alpha helix -ifit branches, amylopectin is formed -cellulose is a 1-4 linkage of beta glucose-this creates a straight strand and not a helix -these bonds are rigid andrequire special enzymes (cellulase) to break them -the position of the betaglucose molecules alternates Lipids: -humans rarely eat pure lipids -cellmembranes a re primarily lipid and lipids can easily enter cells, carrying afoods flavor with them -a diet should have less than 30% fat, 55-65% carbs,and 10-15% protein -lipids are important as a source of energy, insulation(adipose tissue), cushions for the internal organs, as a lubricant, as anemulsifying agent (cholesterol in bile), as a structural component of cells (1/6of brain is fat), cholesterol as a precursor molecule for vitamin D, cortisone,testosterone, progesterone, and estrogen -lipids are simplest biologicalmolecules and are composed mostly of C, H and a few Os -they are energy richbecause of the high C to H ratio -fat consists of a glycerol molecule connectedby ester bonds to a 3 fatty acid molecule (this is a tryglyceride) -if the bondsbetween the carbons are single bonds, the fatty acid is saturated (fat formed isa saturate) -if they have multiple bonds, it is an unsaturated fat -apolysaturate is more than one fatty acid held together by single bonds -multiplebonds can be bro ken and extra hydrogens added through hydrogenation -shortchained fats of unsaturated fatty acids are soft with a low b.p. -long chainedfats of saturated fatty acids are harder with a high b.p. -length of chainsaffects boiling point the most -to make an oil from a solid, you musthydrogenate it Steroids: -saturated fatty acids can be converted to the steroidcholesterol -triglycerides are monitored more closely in the blood thancholesterol -the amount of saturates converted to cholesterol is genetic-abnormal genes can cause excessive production (1 gene = severe heart disease, 2= shortened life span) -liver produces cholesterol -steroids have a 5 ring shape-examples are androgens, estrogens, and cortisone Proteins: -there are 20 aminoacids, 8 of which are essential and can be converted into any of the other 12-protein rich foods are digested into amino acids and the body absorbs them tomake their own proteins -liver cells convert them into absent aminos =transaminofication -proteins ar e synthesized on ribosomes in the cytoplasms ofcells or on polysomes (ribosome chains0 -DNA codes proteins by copying its infoonto a shorter strand known as mRNA (m = a message to synthesize a protein) -themessage is received and a protein is synthesized -for synthesis all 20 arerequired -number, sequence and type of amino acids making up the protein is theprimary structure this is determined by DNA -secondary structure is thecoiling or pleating of amino acid chains, caused by rigid peptide bonds whichare bent by strong intermolecular attraction between hydrogens and oxygens ofevery fourth amino this results in a regular, repeating twist or an alphahelix-chains lie parallel to one another and form hydrogen bonds between themselves this is a beta sheet but is not very common -secondary structure is determinedby intermolecular bonds -tertiary structure refers to the folds in the coiledchain -this is called by a thiol called cysteine this can form a bridge whenit meets another cyste ine -when 2 cysteines meet, a disulfide link is formed-insulin has 6 cysteine amino acids and forms 3 bridges and a slightly globularprotein -the more cysteine amino acids there are, the more folds or joints thatresult and the more globular the protein is -globular proteins are thedoers that function because they have a particular shape due to thecysteine-cysteine sulfur bridges -some proteins may be a bunch of polypeptidechains close together -this is quaternary structure, which very few proteinshave -all proteins have a primary and secondary structure, but few have atertiary structure, and even fewer a quaternary -proteins can be 50-50,000 aminoacids long -amino acids are joined by peptide bonds, a covalent bond between theC of one amino acid and the N of a neighbour -a polypeptide chain is a string ofaminos not long enough to be a protein -amino acids are so named because oftheir two functional groups, the amine group and the carboxylic acid groupNucleic Acids: -all living cells contain DNA and RNA -these carry instructionsfor making proteins and specify the sequence in which amino acids should belinked together -DNA and RNA are polynucleotides, polymers of nucleotides-nucleotides consist of a phosphate group + a pentose + a nitrogenous base -theycan be linked together by condensation to form a polynucleotide -if a nucleotidecontains ribose, it becomes Ribo Nucleic Acid -these are always just a singlestrand, but may be looped into 3 dimensional shapes -if the nucleotide containsdeoxyribose, Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid results -DNA molecules are far longer thanRNA molecules, and can never contain Uracil -4 possible bases are adenine,guanine, cytosine, and thymine -DNA molecules contain two polynucleotidestrands, held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases -hydrogen bonds canonly be formed between specific base pairs: Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine-a sense strand is a sequence of bases that tells the order in which to stringtogether the amino acids -a le ngth of DNA coding the sequence for a polypeptideis called a gene -three bases, a codon, specify an amino acid -there are 64possible arrangements of bases in a codon -polypeptides are made when 2 strandsof DNA split up and an RNA molecule builds up against the sense strand -basesequence of RNA must match that of the DNA molecule -a complete RNA moleculethen peels off and travels to the location where polypeptides are made -sequenceof bases on a DNA molecule is the same for a human or a bacteria OtherNucleotides: -a slightly different version of one of the nucleotides that formsRNA is ATP -ATP contains ribose, adenine and 3 phosphate groups instead of 1-phosphate groups may be lost one at a time to make ADP (di) or AMP (mono) -allliving cells make ATP as an energy currency, it is produced constantly -ATPmolecules usually last less than a minute before being broken down -~40 kg isproduced in a day -if a cell needs energy, it hydrolyses ATP and releases energyin small packets NAD: -con tains ribose sugar, adenine and 2 nucleotides -onenucleotide does not contain any of the 5 bases, but instead a nicotinamide ring-they can accept hydrogens and become NADH -hydrogens are accepted or passed onduring respiration or photosynthesis. The Importance of a Formal Education Essay

Every Parent Wants What Is Best For Their Child. Though Parents Do Not

Every parent wants what is best for their child. Though parents do not have control over everything in their child's development, education is one they do control. A person's education is one of the most important factors in determining whether or not they will become a productive member of society. Because education is so important, what kind of education is best? Whether or not a public or private school is best may be an issue worth addressing. The debate over which is better is a battle that has gone on since private schools were first introduced as an alternative. It seems most people are of the opinion that private schools are superior; the issue is simply if it is worth the money. However, this may not be the case. Therefore, how does one gauge the superiority of a school? This very difficult question has no easy answers. The most common and maybe the only way that researchers can rate and measure the effectiveness of a school is by measuring achievement. The American Heritage Dictionary seems to define achievement as something that has been accomplished successfully, especially by means of exertion, skill, practice, or perseverance. This definition is not exactly what researchers are speaking of when they refer to achievement. Though they all seem to define it slightly different, achievement is refered to as an improvement in overall academic excellence that did not exist before or outside the classroom. Many researchers used achievement tests and SAT scores in longitudinal studies for this measure. These reports seem to suggest that public schools seem to perform at equal levels with private schools. But are SAT scores and achievement tests all that are important to a school and what it can provide for children? This question cannot be addressed with these tests. The fact that I was raised in a private environment seems to suggest that I may not be better off than my private counterparts. Since a young age, I have attended private schools. From Kindergarten through all four years of high school, I have been in home schooling with my other brothers and sisters. I was raised on the idea that private schools are better than public ones. My parents and most of my peers still believe this. I might still think this also but with much less fervor. After high school, I then went on to Meramac, my first public school. It was here that I learned, in that large and diverse environment, and from talking to my friends now at public colleges, that maybe the average public and private system are not so different. I am not saying that high school and college are comparable, they are not. Maybe just the idea that private schools provide a superior education is false. I seem to be getting the same if not better education where I am now, at Meramac, than I would at some private college. I am afraid to ask how much my parents have spent on my education. Would I be I the same place today had I gone to public schools, only having a more comfortable lifestyle? However, one must keep in mind that the issue over weather private schools are superior to public ones cannot be calculated for just myself or any other individual. The facts and data stated here are averages, not necessarily the best and most accurate information for all children. Also, not all public schools are the same and not all private schools are the same. Again, the results here are supposed to be averages of each. Many schools are not even addressed. Public magnet schools, independent schools, and special education schools, are some examples. Another thing to bear in mind is that there are many more public schools than there are private ones, thus skewing the data some. With that I mind, I have found six journals written on, or pertaining to, the subject of achievement and whether private or public does a better job of promoting it. However, all of these researchers did not just pick a hundred public students and a hundred private ones, test them, and then see who scored higher. Many variables must be taken into account to make the two groups as equal as possible. This logical step included the factoring out of variables such as economic backgrounds, gender, age, race, IQ, and others. By eliminating or lessening these characteristics and others like them, more equivalent groups can be made, with a

Aluminum or Aluminium Element Facts

Aluminum or Aluminium Element Facts Aluminum Basic Facts: Symbol: AlAtomic Number: 13Atomic Weight: 26.981539Element Classification: Basic MetalCAS Number: 7429-90-5 Aluminum Periodic Table Location Group: 13Period: 3Block: p Aluminum Electron Configuration Short Form: [Ne]3s23p1Long Form: 1s22s22p63s23p1Shell Structure: 2 8 3 Aluminum Discovery History: Alum (potassium aluminum sulfate- KAl(SO4)2) has been used since ancient times. It was used in tanning, dyeing, and as an aid to stop minor bleeding and even as an ingredient in baking powder. In 1750, German chemist Andreas Marggraf found a technique to produce a new form of alum without the sulfur. This substance was called alumina, which is known as aluminum oxide (Al2O3) today. Most contemporary chemists of the time believed alumina was an earth of a previously unknown metal. Aluminum metal was finally isolated in 1825 by Danish chemist Hans Christian Ørsted (Oersted). German chemist Friedrich Wà ¶hler attempted unsuccessfully to reproduce Ørsteds technique and found an alternate method that also produced metallic aluminum two years later. Historians differ on who should receive credit for the discovery.Name: Aluminum derives its name from alum. The Latin name for alum is alumen meaning bitter salt.Note on Naming: Sir Humphry Davy proposed the name aluminum for th e element, however, the name aluminium was adopted to conform with the ium ending of most elements. This spelling is in use in most countries. Aluminium was also the spelling in the U.S. until 1925 when the American Chemical Society officially decided to use the name aluminum instead. Aluminum Physical Data State at room temperature (300 K): SolidAppearance: soft, light, silvery white metalDensity: 2.6989 g/ccDensity at Melting Point: 2.375 g/ccSpecific Gravity: 7.874 (20  °C)Melting Point: 933.47 K, 660.32  °C, 1220.58  °FBoiling Point: 2792 K, 2519  °C, 4566  °FCritical Point: 8550 KHeat of Fusion: 10.67 kJ/molHeat of Vaporization: 293.72 kJ/molMolar Heat Capacity: 25.1 J/mol ·KSpecific Heat: 24.200 J/g ·K (at 20  °C) Aluminum Atomic Data Oxidation States (Bold most common): 3, 2, 1Electronegativity: 1.610Electron Affinity: 41.747 kJ/molAtomic Radius: 1.43 Ã…Atomic Volume: 10.0 cc/molIonic Radius: 51 (3e)Covalent Radius: 1.24 Ã…First Ionization Energy: 577.539 kJ/molSecond Ionization Energy: 1816.667 kJ/molThird Ionization Energy: 2744.779 kJ/mol Aluminum Nuclear Data Number of isotopes: Aluminum has 23 known isotopes ranging from 21Al to 43Al. Only two occur naturally. 27Al is the most common, accounting for nearly 100% of all natural aluminum. 26Al is nearly stable with a half-life of 7.2 x 105 years and is only found in trace amounts naturally. Aluminum Crystal Data Lattice Structure: Face-Centered CubicLattice Constant: 4.050 Ã…Debye Temperature: 394.00 K Aluminum Uses Ancient Greeks and Romans used alum as an astringent, for medicinal purposes, and as a mordant in dyeing. It is used in kitchen utensils, exterior decorations, and thousands of industrial applications. Although the electrical conductivity of aluminum is only about 60% that of copper per area of cross section, aluminum is used in electrical transmission lines because of its light weight. The alloys of aluminum are used in the construction of aircraft and rockets. Reflective aluminum coatings are used for telescope mirrors, making decorative paper, packaging, and many other uses. Alumina is used in glassmaking and refractories. Synthetic ruby and sapphire have applications in producing coherent light for lasers. Miscellaneous Aluminum Facts Aluminum is the 3rd most abundant element in the Earths crust.Aluminum was once called the Metal of Kings because pure aluminum was more expensive to produce than gold until the Hall-Heroult process was discovered.Aluminum is the most widely used metal after iron.The primary source of aluminum is the ore bauxite.Aluminum is paramagnetic.The top three countries that mine aluminum ore are Guinea, Australia and Vietnam. Australia, China and Brazil lead the world in aluminum production.The IUPAC adopted the name aluminium in 1990 and in 1993 recognized aluminum as an acceptable option for the elements name.Aluminum requires a lot of energy to separate from its ore. Recycling aluminum only requires only 5% of that energy to produce the same amount.Aluminum can be rusted or oxidized by mercury.Rubies are aluminum oxide crystals where some aluminum atoms have been replaced by chromium atoms.A piece of jewelry in the tomb of the 3rd Century Chinese general Chou-Chu has been found to contain 85% aluminum. Historians do not know how the ornament was produced. Aluminum is used in fireworks to make produce sparks and white flames. Aluminum is a common component of sparklers. References: CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (89th Ed.), National Institute of Standards and Technology, History of the Origin of the Chemical Elements and Their Discoverers, Norman E. Holden 2001.

Emotional Intelligence Works Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Emotional Intelligence Works - Research Paper Example Usually they are the first ones to get to the job every day. Having said that there have been certain instances under which some employees do not enjoy the coziness presented in the work-oriented environment which exists within such organizations. They believe in getting the work done under stipulated timings and then leaving for their respective homes. This paper discusses the basis of the core skills required for employing emotional intelligence at work as well as the benefits and challenges that come along with it. With this, the focus is on contemplating the true use of the emotional intelligence premise which works well for the employees thereby leaving a lasting impression towards their individual work related performances. One must know that the complaints that are made under an office environment range from just about any level – top to bottom, bottom to top or even between peers at the same level. This implies that at a specific point in time, grudges do come about be tween the employees and they start complaining about the lack of friendship and camaraderie between their own selves. Then again there are times when there are complaints on the part of the middle management which suggests that the top management is too severe in their dealing, with names not making the rounds of such complaints usually (Levinson, 1999). On the same footing, the top management has some reservations against their middle management domains since the former believe that the middle tier is lazy and dissatisfied with their respective work ethos. They think that the element of organization and productivity is lacking on most of the occasions, and this has been the basis of asking for more emotional intelligence to exist at the workplace. Moving ahead, the emotionally stable people under the realms of a workplace environment suggest that they comprehend the tasks that have been assigned to them and which need to be completed in proper accordance of the rules and regulation s as dictated by the organization. This is in line with the proper procedures as these should be employed, rather than getting involved within emotionally charged frustrations, grudges and complete abhorrence which might creep in under such scenarios and circumstances. There are some moments when the top management realizes the gravity of the problem at hand and how low the emotional level of the employees has become. The need of the hour is to make sure that these problems are resolved at the earliest so that success could be achieved within the shortest possible time, and any issues that do arise in the future under the emotional intelligence regimes are taken care of. The problems just cannot be ignored because these can linger on into something very drastic that shall hurt the cause of the organization more than anything else (Abraham, 1999). What is needed indeed is a will to rectify the problems that remain within the folds of understanding the nuances of emotional intelligenc e. It would set many things right and take care of all the others that haunt the employees on a constant level. This requirement receives a great deal of backing by the people who believe in the premise of emotional intelligence. The emotionally charged up individuals need to be dealt with in a stern manner by the organizations. This is because their emotional state could mean havoc for the business realms where people can start fighting with one another or even create rifts between their

Environmental Scan & SWOT Analysis Research Paper

Environmental Scan & SWOT Analysis - Research Paper Example The approach by the company in the last five years has been the milestone in the establishment of a global brand. Through focusing on brand pyramid and dynamics encompassing silky design, pleasurable experience, and the interplay between driving pleasure and serenity, the corporation established consistency and high level alignment in the sector (Anushree, 2012). Additionally, the global financial position has been useful in the strength creation which is vital in the wadding off competition. One major financial indicator is the overall growth of the corporation. From the financial year of 2002 t0 2006, Nissan experienced an average growth in revenue of 13.8%, net income growth of 11.33%, and a net asset growth of 15. 62%. The values indicate the financial strength of the organization (Cleland & Ireland, 2006, p. 22). Weakness Despite the positives, the company has several key weaknesses that could lead to serious problem in case of the increase global financial crisis. The company r elies heavily on overseas markets which may be affected by the increasing financial crisis and recess. The second major weakness is the product innovation time lag. For instance the company launched two new or redesigned vehicles. This is low compared to 14 in the three previous years. The result of the misjudgment may affect the brand visibility due to the increasing competition. Thirdly, the Japanese market does not use diesel as such diesel vehicles accounts for only 0.4% but the usage of diesel engines in the euro zone is high. The major problem is that the company has not invested in the development of the diesel engine leading to the technological drawback (Boone & Kurtz, 2011). Opportunity The major opportunity existing in the Asian market is low penetration and improved income levels leading to continuous jumps in the demand for vehicles. This is an opportunity that can be grasped to increase profitability. Secondly, the relocation of the manufacturing units to regions with lower production costs leads to the better and improved profits for the corporation. Additionally, manufacturing units in America and Europe have huge capacities in line with their vast domestic automobile output (Chilton & Bloodgood, 2010). The creation of the Renault-Nissan purchasing organization in 2001 helped in the combination of resources to create an efficient organization. Threats Cross-cultural disharmony is created through the integration of Renault and Nissan. The occurrence of disharmony creates a challenge for the corporation and may result in serious problems if not properly solved (Cleland & Ireland, 2006). Additionally, the rising commodity price is a major threat for the company because it increases the production cost. The rise of cost of raw material such as steel will create a vital threat to the corporation. Finally, market saturation can affect the corporation in line with the changes in the market demands. The rise of the SUV market is a testament of the chan ge in the product and market innovation, which in turn affect the market composition (Anushree, 2012). Environmental Scan Environmental scan addresses the issues of political, economic, social, legislative and environmental concern for the company. After the global financial crisis experienced in 2007 to 2009, changes have been instituted in the financial and banking sectors.

Different Types of Narration Essay Example for Free

Different Types of Narration Essay There are a variety of ways to narrate a story, but essentially they can be broken down into two main groups: first person narrative, and third person narrative. In the use of the first person narrator, the story is told through the eyes of the I narrator. The first person narrator can only relate incidents that he or she has witnessed, and only he or she can interpreted the situation, therefore in this respect the first person narrative is limited. We must remember that a first person narrator in a novel is not the novelist but a character who sees things only in the light of his or her own point of view and coloured by his or her personality, therefore events are biased to the narrators opinion. This of course can be used to effect in books where the first person narrator is unreliable and therefore we are forced to see a false picture of events. For example in The Beach by Alex Garland, events are told by Richard, a backpacker in Bangkok. In the extract I have chosen, Richard recounts an encounter with Mister Duck, who, at the beginning of he book, commits suicide. In the extract below, it is only the second time that Richard meets Mister Duck, the first being when Richard was feverish. Therefore we can easily presume that Richard was hallucinating when he first met Mister Duck but in this extract, it is hard to tell, from the way Richard narrates it, that Mister Duck is imaginary: Mister Duck sat in his room on the Khao San Road. Hed pulled back one of the newspapers that covered the window and was peering down to the street. Behind him, strewn across his bed, were coloured pencils, obviously the ones hed used to draw the map. The map was nowhere in sight so maybe hed already tacked it to my door. I saw that his shoulders were shaking. Mister Duck? I said cautiously. He turned, scanned the room with a puzzled frown and, then spotted me through the strip of mosquito netting. Rich Hi. Of course, through first person narrative, we develop a more intimate relationship with the narrator because we have their character and way of thinking forced upon us, which in cases can make you sympathise more with this character, as you know their private emotions that they would not show openly. For example in The Remains of the Day the use of the first person narrator creates suspense and mystery over the intense relationship between Stevens and Miss Kenton. Also in this extract, we feel Stevens character imposed on the story as his unquestioning faith and dedication to his job cost him dearly his personal life. And finally Stevens unwavering sense of duty and reserve at all times leading him to deny his emotions eventually drive away the woman he loved. As demonstrated in the extract I have chosen: As I was bolting the door, I noticed Miss Kenton waiting for me, and said: I trust you had a pleasant evening, Miss Kenton. She made no reply, so I said again, as we were making our way across the darkened expanse of the kitchen floor; I trust you had a pleasant evening, Miss Kenton. I did, thank you, Mr Stevens. Im pleased to hear that. Behind me, Miss Kentons footsteps came to a sudden stop and I heard her say: Are you not in the least interested in what took place tonight between my acquaintance and I Mr Stevens? I do not mean to be rude, Miss Kenton, But I really must return upstairs without further delay. The fact is, events of a global significance are taking place in this house at this very moment. When are they not, Mr Stevens? Very well, if you must be rushing off, I shall just tell you that I accepted my acquaintances proposal. I beg your pardon, Miss Kenton? His proposal of marriage. Ah, is that so, Miss Kenton? Then may I offer you my congratulations. Thank you, Mr Stevens. Of course, Ill be happy to serve out my notice. However, should it be that you are able to release me earlier, we would be very grateful. My acquaintance begins his new job in the West Country in two weeks time. I will do my best to secure a replacement at the earliest opportunity, Miss Kenton. Now if you will excuse me, I must return upstairs. I started to walk away again, but then when I had all but reached the doors out to the corridor, I heard Miss Kenton say: Mr Stevens, and thus turned once more. She had not moved, and consequently she was obliged to raise her voice slightly in addressing me, so that it resonated rather oddly in the cavernous spaces of the dark and empty kitchen. Am I to take it she said, that after the many years of service I have given in this house, you have no more words to greet the news of my possible departure than those you have just uttered? Miss Kenton, you have my warmest congratulations. But I repeat, there are matters of global significance taking place upstairs and I must return to my post. Pages 218-219 In this extract we are frustrated by Stevens reserve and lack of emotion, and without the story being told form his side we might have felt Stevens to be cold hearted and distance and therefore dislike him. But in fact we pity his actions and feel moved. An autobiographical persona such as Pip in Dickens Great Expectations, are not to be taken as complete or even accurate portraits of their authors they are often no more than studies in self criticism: I was quite as dejected on the first working-day of my apprenticeship as in that after-time; but I am glad to know that I never breathed a murmur to Joe while my indentures lasted. It is about the only thing I am glad to know of myself in that connexion. For, though it includes what I proceed to add, all the merit of what I proceed to add was Joes. It was not because I was faithful, but because Joe was faithful, that I never ran away and went for a soldier or a sailor. It was not because I had a strong sense of the virtue of industry, but because Joe had a strong sense of the virtue of industry, that I worked with tolerable zeal against the grain. It is not possible to know how far the influence of any amiable honest-hearted duty-going man flies out into the world; but it is very possible to know how it has touched ones self in going by, and I know right well that any good that intermixed itself with my apprenticeship came of plain contented Joe, and not of restless aspiring discontented me. In the same way the innumerable portraits by artists of their friends, enemies or acquaintances are notoriously one sided, exaggerated and even on occasion, libellous. In a first person narrative, the use of interior monologue can be used where the reader is allowed inside the mind of the narrator and so we can hear their inner thought. For example in Ernest Hemingways A farewell to Arms, when Henry hears that his wife is gravely ill we receive an interior monologue: The nurse went into the room and shut the door. I sat outside in the hall. Everything was gone inside of me. I did not think. I could not think. I knew she was going to die and I prayed that she would not. Dont let her die. Oh, God, please dont let her die. Ill do anything for you if you wont let her die Please, please, please dear God, dont let her die. Dear God, dont let her die. Pleas, please, please dont let her die, God, please make her not die. Ill do anything you say if you dont let her die. You took the baby but dont let her die that was all right but dont let her die. Please, please, dear God, dont let her die. Here we feel that the character is deeply involved in his surroundings and what is happening, the events he is recounting are extremely emotional and moving, but this is not always the case. In Nausea by Jean-Paul Satre, it is the story of an observer of life in a small cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, and here the narrator is totally withdrawn from his surrounding, as though watching it on television. The narrator is distanced from events and the book is almost like a third person narrative in the sense that he is telling the story of the lives of those sitting around him, but of course true to first person narration he is interpreting the situation into how he sees it: It is half past one. I am at the Cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Mably, eating a sandwich, and everything is more or less normal. In any case, everything is always normal in cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s and especially in Cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Mably, because of the manager, Monsieur Fasquelle, who has a vulgar expression in his eyes which is very straightforward and reassuring. It will soon be time for his afternoon nap and his eyes are already pink, but his manner is still lively and decisive. He is walking among the tables and speaking confidentially to all the customers: Is everything all right, Monsieur? I smile at seeing him so lively: when his establishment empties, his head empties too. Between two and four the cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ is deserted, and then Monsieur Fasquelle takes a few dazed steps, the waiter turn out the lights, and he slips into unconsciousness: when this man is alone, he falls asleep. The second type of narrative is third person narration. The narrator is omniscient, that is, able to move between characters, situations, and locations at any point, and granted full access to characters thoughts, feelings, and motivation. This is the advantage that third person narration has over first person, yet a sense of intimacy with the characters is harder to achieve. Some narrators might comment on the events taking place in the novel as they unfold, and even interpose their own views; the Victorian novelists such as Charles Dickens were adept at this manner of intervention, for example in A Christmas Carol, Dickens talks directly to the reader to convey his thoughts and ideas: Marley was dead, to begin with. There is no doubt whatever about that. The register of his burial was signed by the clergyman, the clerk, the undertaker, and the chief mourner. Scrooge signed it. And Scrooges name was good upon Change for anything he chose to put his hand to. Old Marley was dead as a door-nail. Mind! I dont mean to say that I know, of my own knowledge, what there is particularly dead about a door-nail. I might have been inclined, myself, to regard a coffin-nail as the deadest piece of ironmongery in the trade. But the wisdom of out ancestors is in the simile; and my unhallowed hands shall not disturb it, or the countrys done for. You will therefore permit me to repeat, emphatically, that Marley was as dead as a door-nail. Alternatively, the author might limit the narrators overt presence, and recount the narratives events as directly as possible. A third-person narrator might have a limited point of view, confined to only one or a few characters, as in much of Emily Brontà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s Wuthering Heights, where the author is wholly absent and uses the characters to tell the story. Therefore she never directly interrupts the story to make a direct comment or moral judgement on the action of the characters. We notice that Emily Brontà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ in Wuthering Heights uses narrators that are involved in the proceedings and therefore these people try to inflict their point of view on the reader. In this case it is to emphasise the point that the relationship between Heathcliff and Cathy is unique and not something that Nelly, or Lockwood (Wuthering Heights two main narrators) will never fully comprehend as only Heathcliff and Cathy can explain their love for each other. She rung the bell till it broke with a twang: I entered leisurely. It was enough to try the temper of a saint, such senseless, wicked rages! There she lay dashing her head against the arm of the sofa, and grinding her teeth, so that you might fancy she would crash them to splinters! Mr Linton stood looking at her in sudden compunction and fear. He told me to fetch some water. She had no breath for speaking. I brought a glass full; and, as she would not drink, I sprinkled it on her face. In a few seconds she stretched herself out stiff, and turned up her eyes, while her cheeks, at once blanched and livid, assumed the aspect of death. Linton looked terrified. There is nothing in the world the matter, I whispered. I did not want him to yield, though I could not help being afraid in my heart. She has blood on her lips! he said, shuddering. Never mind! I answered tartly. And I told him how she had resolved previous to his coming, on exhibiting a fit of frenzy. In some cases the events of the story are told through an impersonal narrative. This impersonal narrator then relates the story through the senses of different character, presenting the reader with a more rounded picture. For example in The Tesseract by Alex Garland, the story is told from many points of view, quickly changing between one characters perspective to another, each time the story being told from that characters sense and feeling. In the extract below we witness the situation from three of the character point of view The telephone made for an indifferent witness. But Seans reflection in the bathroom mirror, making contact as he turned away from the vent, was less detached. Even under pressure, the sight was arresting. His face seemed to be in a state of flux. Unable to resolve itself, like a cheap hologram or a bucket of snakes, the lips drew back while the jaw relaxed, the stare softened while the frown hardened. Fear, Sean thought distantly. Rare that one got to see what it actually looked like. Other peoples, sure, but not your own. Intrigued, he leaned close to the mirror, ignoring the footsteps that were already working their way up the stairs. Aaaah, were going to be late, said Don Pepe, breaking the tense silence of the last five minutes. Jojo nodded and nervously pushed his thumbs into the padding around the steering wheel. Yes, sir, we are. Im sorry. Jojo paused a moment before saying Yes, sir again. He was leaving time for Teroy to add his own apology. After all, hed been the one who had suggested Hotel Patay in the first place. But Teroy, sitting in the passenger seat, wasnt saying a word. No sense diverting Don Pepes irritation on to him, when he could keep his head down and his mouth shut and let Jojo take all the abuse. Fair enough. Jojo would have been doing the same if their roles had been reversed. The narrator is very important in a story as the narrator is responsible for the way a story is conveyed to its reader, or its point of view. The variety of ways that the author can manipulate the narrator and his or her point of view in order to gain maximum control over the work as a whole is often the essence of whether the reader gained the desired effect set by the author.

Civil War Reconstruction :: essays research papers

AP American History The President versus Congress The President and congress both had different reconstruction plans for the south. These different arguments were based on different beliefs and different self interests. The President firmly believed on a soft-on-south reconstruction plan while congress believed that the south should be economically, socially, and politically reconstructed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both President Lincoln and President Johnson both believed that the war was fought over the succession of the south and because the north won, the south never actually succeeded. This resulted in their reconstruction plan to be very kind to the south. They required for each southern state to have 10 percent of their voters pledge allegiance to the union. This plan allowed for the southern Black Codes. These were instituted to keep the blacks as a cotton labor force as well as an inferior race. If the south followed this plan then they would be rejoined into the union.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Congress’s reconstruction plan for the south was much more rigorous. The congress didn’t believe that 10 percent allegiance was enough, so they urged for that number to become 50 percent. Also, the republican dominant congress believed that the south’s reconstruction should give greater manhood suffrage towards blacks. Also, congress feared that now that the south had rejoined, republicans no longer would be the dominant political power in congress. Under the Presidents plan the southerners would have been allowed to rejoin congress, taking power away from northern congressman. So, to solve all of these problems congress instituted the 14th Amendment. In this Amendment ex-slaves were made citizens, states could no longer deny eligible citizens the right to vote, those who rebelled no longer could hold office, and debts incurred in aid of rebellion are void. Congress used this Amendment to deprive many southerners of political power as well as to try and reform the south socially. Also, congress planned their harsh reconstruction with the Reconstruction Act. This act split the south into 5 military districts headed by a Union general. Also, 10s of thousands of Union solders were disfranchised. Finally full manhood suffrage was part of this act. Fearing that one day the congress would be democratically controlled congress also created the 15th Amendment to give suffrage for blacks. This Amendment as well as all of the acts congress committed above were all ways in which congress attempted to socially reform the south.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The reconstruction plan for the President and the reconstruction plan for Congress resulted in the two of them becoming involved in a conflict with each other. Civil War Reconstruction :: essays research papers AP American History The President versus Congress The President and congress both had different reconstruction plans for the south. These different arguments were based on different beliefs and different self interests. The President firmly believed on a soft-on-south reconstruction plan while congress believed that the south should be economically, socially, and politically reconstructed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both President Lincoln and President Johnson both believed that the war was fought over the succession of the south and because the north won, the south never actually succeeded. This resulted in their reconstruction plan to be very kind to the south. They required for each southern state to have 10 percent of their voters pledge allegiance to the union. This plan allowed for the southern Black Codes. These were instituted to keep the blacks as a cotton labor force as well as an inferior race. If the south followed this plan then they would be rejoined into the union.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Congress’s reconstruction plan for the south was much more rigorous. The congress didn’t believe that 10 percent allegiance was enough, so they urged for that number to become 50 percent. Also, the republican dominant congress believed that the south’s reconstruction should give greater manhood suffrage towards blacks. Also, congress feared that now that the south had rejoined, republicans no longer would be the dominant political power in congress. Under the Presidents plan the southerners would have been allowed to rejoin congress, taking power away from northern congressman. So, to solve all of these problems congress instituted the 14th Amendment. In this Amendment ex-slaves were made citizens, states could no longer deny eligible citizens the right to vote, those who rebelled no longer could hold office, and debts incurred in aid of rebellion are void. Congress used this Amendment to deprive many southerners of political power as well as to try and reform the south socially. Also, congress planned their harsh reconstruction with the Reconstruction Act. This act split the south into 5 military districts headed by a Union general. Also, 10s of thousands of Union solders were disfranchised. Finally full manhood suffrage was part of this act. Fearing that one day the congress would be democratically controlled congress also created the 15th Amendment to give suffrage for blacks. This Amendment as well as all of the acts congress committed above were all ways in which congress attempted to socially reform the south.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The reconstruction plan for the President and the reconstruction plan for Congress resulted in the two of them becoming involved in a conflict with each other.

The strategy of The Body Shop

â€Å"Business people have got to be the instigators of change. They have the money and the power to make a difference. A company that makes a profit from society has a responsibility to return something to that society.† 1 (Roddick, 1991) This statement, by Anita Roddick OBE, founder of ‘The Body Shop', demonstrates the strong ethical dimension of the company's way of doing business. She opened her first shop in Brighton on March 26th 1976 selling 25 varieties of 100-percent natural skin and hair care products inspired by cultural knowledge from around the world. The company has expanded dramatically since its origins and now has over 1900 stores worldwide. Despite its rapid growth, the strong beliefs and values existent in 1976 remain deeply embedded within the organisational culture. Throughout this writing I will discuss these beliefs and values in the context of corporate strategy and decision-making, and demonstrate how it relates to theoretical frameworks within the corporate strategy field. I will analyse The Body Shop's strategies using these theoretical models, and compare and contrast the models themselves. The strategy of The Body Shop in comparison to other businesses within the cosmetics and toiletries industry was unconventional. Their rapid growth, achieved mainly through franchising, was primarily due to the ‘green' nature of the organisation, prioritising ethical practice over making profits. â€Å"Ever since she started The Body Shop in 1976, Roddick had made a habit of going against the tide of the industry's established business practices.† 2 (Mintzberg, Quinn, Ghoshal, 1991: 447) This quotation reinforces the notion of The Body Shop's alternative approach to strategy. Unlike other companies within the industry, they didn't make miraculous claims for their products; they allowed labels with detailed lists of the ingredients and properties of products to tell customers about each good. This links in with the fact that a major component of The Body Shop's strategy was that they never engaged in any advertising. Throughout history and in contemporary advertising, organisations within the health and beauty sector have constantly bombarded the public with claims and promises associated with their products through the use of adverts and promotions. â€Å"The cosmetics industry makes its money through packaging and advertising, which together are 85 per cent of its costs.† 3 (Mintzberg, Quinn, Ghoshal, 1991: 453) This is a cost that The Body Shop's strategy enabled them to avoid. The business was started with just a $6000 bank loan, and so it wasn't possible to engage in expensive advertising campaigns, moreover, it was against the values of the organisation, who preferred to rely on word-of-mouth and publicity to secure sales. It is said that the initial success of the first store was a lot to do with the curiosity and publicity acquired through a local newspaper article illustrating the fact that it was called â€Å"The Body Shop† and was located close to a funeral parlour. Their strategy exploits the fact that they are a socially responsible organisation, meaning that customers buy their products knowing that nothing has been artificially manufactured and are produced with 100 percent natural ingredients. This unique selling point, together with their prominent beliefs and values, has the affect of providing The Body Shop with a competitive advantage over other firms in the industry. This will be developed in more depth later in the writing. The Body Shop's strong social message is reflected in every aspect of their mission statement. From dedicating the business to the pursuit of social and environmental change, to meaningfully contributing to local, national and international communities in which they trade.4 â€Å"The company is significantly involved in local communities and is prepared to get political and talk about big issues in countries where it does business. No company in the world campaigns at the level we do, or turns their shops into action stations, or challenges the role of business like we do.† 5 (Roddick, 2002) Throughout history The Body Shop has rapidly expanded geographically as well as in terms of their sales and product portfolio, however, in the late 1990s their performance began to suffer. As a result, February 2000 saw fundamental changes to the organisation and management, including substantial changes to the board of directors, and the outsourcing of manufacturing to a company named ‘Creative Outsourcing Solutions International Limited'. Anita and Gordon Roddick became non-executive directors and there were five new appointments to the board, including a new CEO. Despite these changes The Body Shop's performance failed to be rejuvenated, which forced them into more drastic changes. â€Å"In the most recent annual report, Peter Saunders (CEO) commented that the group's objective now was to apply a strategy to drive performance across the global business†¦The single most important priority, he added, was to improve comparable sales performance across stores through effective new product launches.† 6 (‘Mintel', 2003: 137) These new objectives seem to have the effect of diluting the self-proclaimed visions and primary concerns of The Body Shop. It could be said that the current management have somewhat contradicted Anita Roddick's earlier philosophies. â€Å"Too many businesses have gotten distracted with management structures and†¦making money.† 7 (Roddick, 1991) One of the main underlying reasons why they have encountered their current problems is because many companies within the health and beauty industry have noted the success of The Body Shop and are responding to the ever-increasing ‘green consumer' themselves through the release of their own versions of ‘all-natural' products. Examples being ‘Està ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½e Lauder Origins', ‘Revlon New Age Naturals', and ‘Clairol Herbal Essences'. Competition erodes profit, and, as a result of the increase in competition, The Body Shop have lost their competitive advantage of being able to supply what others cannot. The strategies of The Body Shop can be analysed using several theoretical models from within the strategy discipline. Situation analysis can be used to determine what advantages BS have, or have had, over their competitors, and can illustrate how The Body Shop was so successful for many years. This theory, termed by Mintzberg as the ‘Design School', was based upon work by Professor Kenneth Andrews and addresses, amongst others, the view that: â€Å"Strategy is concerned with identifying opportunities in the enterprise's external environment which it is better qualified to exploit than its competitors.† 8 (Lilley, 2003) The current situation of The Body Shop was analysed by Mintel and appears in their February 2003 publication on health and beauty retailing in the UK. STRENGTHS * Strong worldwide coverage helps to spread corporate risk. * Well known and well respected global brand. * Franchising has enabled the company to grow at lower cost and lower risk. * Still has strong ethical and environmental credentials. WEAKNESSES * Mature business, with declining like-for-like sales. * Appears to lack the inspiration to re-invent itself. * Vulnerable to imitators. * Franchising reduces level of corporate control. * Rapidly rising rental costs in the UK. * Limited growth opportunities in terms of new geographical regions. OPPORTUNITIES * Still potential to enter new markets in Europe especially Central/Eastern Europe and other parts of the world. * Implementation of strategy to control costs and working capital in order to improve profitability and cash generation. * Development of more pharmacy concessions in Ireland and possibly other markets. * Further development of e-commerce and other non-store channels. THREATS * Strong competition from other innovative and environmentally friendly health and beauty retailers. * Great competition from discounters and grocers' health and beauty offer. * Recent new product launches have yet to produce a positive impact on sales densities. * Continued lack of like-for-like sales growth threatens profitability and the group's scope to expand physically. ‘Figure 1': SWOT Analysis of The Body Shop International Plc. 9 (Mintel, 2003: 144) The above analysis was compiled after The Body Shop's decline in performance – it is clear that all the threats from the external environment are modern occurrences that wouldn't have been an issue during their period of rapid growth in the 1980s. Throughout this time they effectively maintained a portfolio of differentiated products and, perhaps more prominently, a unique and differentiated brand image, which enabled The Body Shop to compete and be successful. â€Å"Product differentiation means that established firms have brand identification and customer loyalties, which stem from product differences, or simply being first into the industry.† 10 (Porter, 1980: 9) The environmentally friendly and ethical practices that The Body Shop claim they dedicate their business to could be described as their core competence within the industry. Even to this date Anita Roddick and the organisation actively campaign in issues such as animal testing, human rights, and protecting our planet. No other business within the health and beauty industry is as heavily associated with ethical and environmental practices as The Body Shop. The core competence of an organisation characterises its whole range, take for example, Sony's ability to miniaturise electronics or Aston Martin's competence in producing flawless motorcars. It is clear to see that The Body Shop's core competence is not only reflected throughout their product range, but is evident throughout all their business activities, from their minimal use of product packaging, to the layout of stores. â€Å"Core competencies and market-led strategy are nowadays the only pathways toward success.† 11 (Sophocleous, 2003) The strategy that The Body Shop employed can be analysed with another useful framework in the field of strategy, namely â€Å"The Five Competitive Forces that Determine Industry Profitability† by Michael E. Porter. This cannot be applied directly to The Body Shop, but can be used to analyse the external environment in which they operated in the past, and how it changed in the late 90s. ‘Figure 2†²: Forces driving industry competition. 12 (Porter, 1980: 4) The main principle behind this model is that the profitability of an organisation is determined by the collective strength of the five forces; in other words, the industry structure directly affects industry profitability. The Body Shop initially operated within a niche market where there were no real competitors offering the same products nor backing the same principles that they were. The threat of substitutes was minimal because if customers wanted all-natural products they would almost certainly have had to buy them from The Body Shop. In relation to the threat of new entrants, initially there was nothing stopping rival firms from competing within the all-natural cosmetics and toiletries sector, however, no other companies actively engaged in the ethical and environmental practices to the extent that The Body Shop did. The barriers to market entry increased in relation to the amount of stores opened by The Body Shop, and during their period of rapid growth, their power within the niche market could have been regarded almost as monopolistic. However, customers who preferred to buy all-natural products but didn't regard it as being entirely necessary could easily have turned to other companies' products within the wider industry, that didn't exercise such dominant views on ethical and environmental issues. The low threat of ‘all-natural' substitution that existed in the earlier stages of The Body Shop, coupled with the fact that the arrival of new entrants was particularly low, provided them with the opportunity to control the prices they charged for their products. The argument becomes more complex when trying to categorise The Body Shop into a particular market. They could be regarded as operating completely within their own sector, but can also be viewed as just another cosmetics company with the advantage of having a differentiated product range and image. â€Å"Differentiation, if achieved, is a viable strategy for earning above-average returns in an industry because it creates a defensible position for coping with the five competitive forces.† 13 (Porter, 1980: 38) To justify this quotation in relation to The Body Shop we must consider them to be in the wider cosmetics industry, which has a high level of competitors. Their differentiation led to customers' increased loyalty in The Body Shop brand, which resulted in a lower sensitivity in price. This had the effect of protecting the company from competition and rivalry. However, as time progressed, other companies intentionally sought to compete directly in the field of environmentally friendly products. The Body Shop was able to gain an advantage over competitors by not utilising traditional distribution channels – for many years they only sold their products through their own shops. This reduced the threat of new direct competition from other companies, as the level of investment required by a new entrant would be extortionate considering they would have to open an abundance of specialist shops. However, to overcome these problems the new competitors emerged using traditional distribution channels, such as through supermarkets and department stores. â€Å"The strength of the five forces varies from industry to industry, and can change as an industry evolves.† 14 (Porter, 1985: 4) The above statement from Porter's work in 1985 is related to the case of the cosmetics and toiletries industry in that the emergence of greater competition in the 90s meant that the strength of the competitive rivalry aspect of the five forces within the industry increased. In addition, customers now have the ability to simply pick and choose alternative brands' all-natural products in confidence – an increase in the threat of substitution. Through the use of Porter's five forces model we can see that the changes in the strength of the forces within the cosmetics and toiletries market have accounted for the recent decline in performance of The Body Shop. In the early days of the company, the threat of like-for-like substitutes and the associated power of customers were relatively low in comparison to the modern day situation. Competitors have increasingly matched the core competences of The Body Shop, and, as a result, the significant competitive advantage that they once had has been reduced. â€Å"Competition in an industry goes well beyond the established players. Customers, suppliers, substitutes, and all potential entrants are all ‘competitors' to firms in an industry.† 15 (Porter, 1980: 6) This quotation by Porter reveals that the five forces model has limitations with regard to The Body Shop case. The Body Shop do not regard their suppliers as competitors; in fact they want to actually financially support their suppliers. This is evident from their mission statement in their aim of balancing the financial and human needs of their suppliers. These more esoteric aspects of The Body Shop's strategy, termed by Anita Roddick as them doing ‘business as unusual', highlights another main drawback of the five forces model, in that it is geared around profit being the primary concern of an organisation and doesn't provide any flexibility or scope for change. The Body Shop's early successes can be partly attributed to the strong customer base they secured due to the general movement in society towards being more environmentally and ethically aware. The framework doesn't deal effectively with this idea of customer preference or changes in trends, nor does it cope with the notion that customers were gained through the fact that they appreciated, and could relate to, the values and beliefs of The Body Shop and their efforts to pursue social and environmental change, and not just because of factors relating to price. On the other hand, the SWOT analysis model is useful for clearly displaying the advantages of an organisation in relation to the market within which it operates, together with the negative aspects of the internal organisation and external environment. As with all theories, however, there are a number of limitations associated with it. All of a business's strengths do not necessarily directly contribute towards providing a competitive advantage, SWOT analysis also has the tendency to take a single dimension of a firm's strategy over-emphasise it. It is difficult to prove which strengths are likely to provide the most benefit to an organisation, and also determine which opportunity should be given more attention to shape the overall strategy of the business in question. The findings of SWOT analysis are greatly shaped by the opinions and perceptions of managers or analysts, meaning that they can be regarded as subjective in nature as opposed to the, perhaps initial appearance of being objective and rationally constructed. â€Å"What we are dealing with here is not the organisation or environment ‘in itself', rather we are attempting to extract and combine the perceptions of these entities that exist in the minds of managers.† 16 (Lilley, 2003) In conclusion, after analysing the strategy of The Body Shop using frameworks from the strategy discipline, it is apparent that SWOT analysis deals well with the unique aspects of The Body Shop's strategy. Although the analysis of The Body Shop's situation is greatly dependent upon personal judgement, their strengths shown in figure 1 give an accurate account of the 25-year success story, which was primarily based upon The Body Shop's core competence in displaying continuous proactive dedication towards ethical and environmentally friendly practices, together with their prime high street and inner-city shop locations, and famous and respected global brand. The reasons for their decline in performance during the late 90s are clearly displayed in the ‘threats' category of the analysis, prominently highlighting the emergence of increased competition from other companies operating within the health and beauty industry, who are reaching consumers through traditional distribution channels and via supermarkets. Michael Porter's model of the five competitive forces is valuable in that it offers a simple, structured analysis of the industry, but is limited in the sense that it's unable to satisfactorily consider the dynamics of markets, for example, the movement of consumer preferences towards environmentally friendly products. It can provide a helpful starting point for further analysis, but simplified versions alone can prove inadequate. It provides an account of how conventional, profit-maximising firms are affected by the structure and occurrences of the external environment, and how those firms can work towards shaping and exploiting the environment to their advantages, but fails to comprehensively account for the successes of unorthodox firms like The Body Shop, who do not, at least in their own claims, follow the usual route of or towards profit maximisation.