Character Analysis of August Wilsons Fences - 879 Words

In the play Fences, by August Wilson, the main character, Troy Maxson is involved in numerous relationships with family members throughout the entire eight years that the story takes place. Troy is a father, husband, and brother to other characters in the play. Unfortunately for Troy, a strong-minded and aggressive man, he constantly complicates the relationships with his family members. Troys hurtful actions and words make it nearly impossible for him to sustain healthy relationships with not only his two sons, but also his wife and brother. Perhaps the most important and fulfilling relationship a man can be involved in is one with his own flesh and blood. At the beginning of the play, we learn that Troy has two sons, Lyons and Cory.†¦show more content†¦It is obvious to the audience that Troy and Cory simply do not get along. The two are constantly bickering, mostly about Corys dream to play football at the college level. Since playing baseball did not get Troy anywhere, h e feels that football will not benefit Cory and that Cory should get recruited in how to fix cars or something where he can make a living (8). Troy constantly denounces Corys dream and pressures his son to quit the highschool football team so that he can work at the local grocery store. The verbal abuse of Cory by Troy is enough to make Cory question whether or not his own father even likes him, but it is not until after Troys affair with Alberta is out in the open that Troy and Corys unhealthy relationship reaches a whole new level. After finding out about Troys affair, Cory stands up to his father in order to protect his mother during an altercation between Troy and Rose. Troy nearly hits Cory, but he is able to stop himself before threatening Cory by saying, You better stay away from me, boy (72). Cory and Troys relationship following this incident is practically nonexistant until the time of their last fight. During that fight, after two months of staying out of his fathers way, Cory has finally had enough of Troys verbal abuse and once again stands up to him. This quarrel ends with Troy nearly hitting Cory with a baseball bat, but he is once again able to stopShow MoreRelatedThe Interpretation Of August Wilsons Fences By Denzel Wilson724 Words   |  3 PagesAugust Wilsons’ play â€Å"Fences† gave the American stage one of the most renowned characters. As Wilson originally writes in the play, Troy Maxson, who is an uneducated sanitation worker and a former Negro League Baseball player is depicted as a multi-faceted tragic figure from the mid-1950s Pittsburgh of Wilson’s childhood. This being the case, in the adaptation of this play, Denzel Washington understands the kind of ‘largeness’ portrayed in Wilson’s play and is hence portrayed a shadow that Troy castsRead MoreFences Research1694 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact of Physical and Psychological Boundaries in August Wilson’s Fences The early 1950’s was a time of enormous importance because of the Civil Rights Movement which emphasized equal rights for blacks and whites. According to the book Approaching Literature, this time period became very familiar to August Wilson, the author of the play Fences. Wilson, an African American man, was raised by his mother and his ex-convict father. For a short period of time, before moving back to hisRead MoreSymbolism In Fences By August Wilson1460 Words   |  6 PagesKeep Love in or Lock it Out?: An Analysis of Symbolism in Fences Symbolism is defined as an artistic and poetic movement or style using symbolic images and indirect suggestion to express mystical ideas, emotions, and states of mind. In Fences by August Wilson, symbolism is used heavily throughout the play in order to represent deeper meanings and add to the emotion of the storyline. In order for the play to have so much depth and emotion, symbolism is crucial to the work itself and the heavy topicsRead MoreAnalysis of August Wilsons Short Story Fences2029 Words   |  8 Pageswhat it means, other than life is hard (Calvert, n.d.) In so many ways Fences is such an ordinary story that its power comes from the ways in which ordinary people hear and view it. There is no doubt but that the metaphor of the fence prevails, working its way across work, family, friendship and the emotional pain of living a life literally dependent on garbage for survival. This is what Wilson wrote about in his Fences of the 1950s. In retrospect, however, it doesnt take a lot to put some ofRead MoreSocial, Political, And Family Issues On August Wilson s Fences1596 Words   |  7 PagesSocial, Political, and Family Issues in August Wilson’s Fences August Wilson’s Fences depicts life in the 1950s for a typical African American family. The play touches upon racism, shifting family dynamics, and the politics of war. While racism plays an important and vital role in the play, instead of lamenting the issue, Wilson uses the characters as a weapon against the rampant racism of the time. In the same fashion, the relationship between Troy, Rose, and Cory demonstrates the shifting culturalRead MoreFences: White People and Troy Essay1719 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of â€Å"Fences† August Wilson’s famous play â€Å"Fences† is a drama set in the 1950’s. Being a winner of the Pulitzer Prize for the best play of the year, this play has had many positive responses to blacks and whites in this society. It is about protagonist Troy Maxson as well as his african american family that is filled with drama and excitement. In Wilson’s Fences by Joseph Wessling he expresses, â€Å"Fences is about the always imperfect quest for true manhood. Troy’s father was less of a â€Å"true†Read MoreEssay on An Analysis for the Play Fences1293 Words   |  6 PagesFences - An Analysis James E. May Averett University History of the Theatre TH 220 / BBA 469 Ronal Stepney November 07, 2011 The story line seemed melodramatic throughout the play. The author (August Wilson) has laid the ground work of many themes throughout the play. The play deals with Race, Men and their masculinity, Morality, Dreams and hopes of everyone involved, Family, Duty, Betrayal and Dissatisfaction. The play begins with Troy and his best friend Bono entering the yard chattingRead MoreFather-Child Relationships in Hamlet and Fences1223 Words   |  5 PagesFather-Child Relationships in Hamlet and Fences In both William Shakespeares Hamlet and August Wilsons Fences, the emphasis placed on parent-child relationship is vital, as family plays an important role in developing a characters values as well as his or her upbringing does. While Ophelia, Laertes, and Hamlet show loyalty to their fathers unconditionally, Cory, even though looks up Troy as a figure, eventually exhibits disrespect to him. The relationship that Ophelia shares with her fatherRead MoreFences Character Analysis Essay924 Words   |  4 Pages Analyzation of Character Traits Individuals and society often rely on the trait of responsibility in order to have their daily activities run smoothly. Troy Maxson has incorporated the key ideas of responsibility; to secure his family, friendships and job. Troy had stated multiple times within Fences that his actions are based off of his responsibilities; instead of love. â€Å"[...]Liked you? Who the hell say I got to like you?[...]† (Wilson,37). This quote displays that although Troy loves his familyRead MoreNotes On The Novel Fences And Pied Piper Of Tucson 1080 Words   |  5 PagesYou Been?† and Mara Bovsun’s article, â€Å"Pied Piper of Tucson;† they identify and describe ways authors ‘hook and hold’ readers with specific choices. Next, students read the play Fences by Pulitzer Prize winner August Wilson and analyze the role of stories within in the story to create tension and advance the plot. Fences is the foundation for the unit’s cornerstone task: after ranking and discussing important lines in the play, student perform them, and reflect on the impact of the important lines

Whether the Class Conflict Inevitable Free Essay Example, 1750 words

It is evidently clear from the discussion that class conflict can turn into volatile situations especially during periods of crisis that involve politics or the economy because these often lead towards either attempts to overthrow long-established elites or elites attempting to repress the masses in a bid to retain their political and economic power. Korotayev and Zinkina state that under such circumstances, a class conflict might lead to such actions as extreme repression, the restriction of freedoms, and extreme violence that might result in the deaths of many individuals within society. Long-held grievances come to the fore during these situations and it is necessary to ensure that studies be conducted on these grievances before they explode into real conflicts. A better understanding of problems that lead to a class conflict can be achieved through the survey method. Surveys conducted in the United States have shown that a large number of individuals within that society believe that class conflict has surged as a result of government policies that are favorable to the economic elite. The ability of economic elites to influence government policy in their favor is based on their sponsoring of powerful lobbies that ensure their interests are well protected. We will write a custom essay sample on Whether the Class Conflict Inevitable or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now American masses cannot afford these actions and it results in their being taken advantage of by the economic elite. Under these circumstances, class conflict is inevitable because, in a society that prides itself inequality, the gap between the wealthy and the poor is fast increasing, making even government policies ineffective in curbing it. It is stated that in most developed societies, it is acknowledged that wealth inequality is part of their societies and that it needs to be addressed early to ensure that serious conflicts do not arise as a result. However, despite the welfare programs governments in developed countries to ensure that the disadvantaged also enjoy the benefits of capitalism, they have not succeeded in addressing inequalities run that.

Walt Disney at the Beginning - 978 Words

You walk into the living room and you hear the famous Disney music coming from the television that your child is placed in front of. You start to wonder where did your favorite Disney movies came from? How did they come about into the human world or how were they produced? What was Walt Disney’s childhood like when he was younger that made him want to animate and put together cartoons and movies? Where did his career start off from and how did he get to such a place. But the more important question, who is taking over now that Walt Disney has passed? Who is keeping on the traditions of Mickey and all of his famous characters? These are some questions that I set out to look more upon of Walt Disney. In what I’ve researched is what is going to be presented to you in Walt Disney: A Key to Childhood Hearts. On December 5th. 1901 in the town of Chicago, Illinois a baby boy was born with the name of Walter Elias Disney, or as we know, Walt Disney. Growing up as a child Waltâ €™s father, Elias, was a very strict and religious man. His father would physically beat him and his siblings if any sort of toys, drawings, or any type of entertainment was found around the house. His wife, Flora, feared him too. When Walt was born his father was a construction worker and his mother a stay at home mom to five Disney children. His father later then took up a farm in Marceline, Missouri where they then moved to. Walter always loved all the animals on the farm and felt like they were his friends.Show MoreRelatedEssay on The Real Walt Disney1080 Words   |  5 PagesThe Real Walt Disney Walt Disney as a real man. Walter Elias Disney was born on December 5, 1901 in Chicago, Illinois to his parents, Elias Disney an Irish Canadian and Flora Call Disney, a German American. Walt was one of four children. Walt and his brother Roy and sister Ruth grew up in Chicago, where they attended Benton Grammar School together. He worked hard throughout his schooling and helped support his family during difficult times. When Walt was 23 years old, he and his sweetheart, LillyRead MoreWalt Disney : A Pioneer Of Cartoon Films And As The Founder Of The Disney Company957 Words   |  4 Pagesimagination ¨ (Disney, 2014). Walter Elias  ¨Walt ¨ Disney is famous as a pioneer of cartoon films and as the founder of The Walt Disney Company. He was an American motion-picture producer, television producer, and a showman. Disney came from humble beginnings but ended up transforming the entertainment industry. Walt Disney had a challenging childhood, grew up and chose a career that would l iven up his life, achieved many accomplishments, and left a legacy for years to come. Childhood Walt Disney was bornRead MoreWalt Disney : King Of Animation1619 Words   |  7 PagesWalt Disney: King of Animation â€Å"If you can dream it, you can do it† and that is exactly what Walt Disney did (beginnings).These words meant that Walt Disney visioned the world in ways many did not. He created and founded many well known landmarks, movies, and animations. Walt Disney’s creative talents as an artist led him to invent sound animation and later become an entrepreneur of the first wide-scaled theme park. Walt Disney, born in Chicago, Illinois, on December 5, 1901, was the child of EliasRead MoreWalt Disney Has A Vast Effect On My Personal Journey As An Artist1321 Words   |  6 PagesWalt Disney has a vast effect on my personal journey as an artist. From Walt Disney’s childhood and humble beginning in Marceline, Missouri, to creation of the Walt Disney Animation Studios of today, Walt’s story is one of perseverance. His story is one I have felt a unique connection too, and although there are some clear correlations and definite distinctions between our life experiences and art, I aspire to match his greatness. Walt Disney’s unconventional life experiences led to his variedRead MoreWalt Disneys The Disney Company1586 Words   |  7 PagesCompany in Brief The Walt Disney Company all began when Walt Disney made his way to California with his â€Å"pilot† film of Alice’s Wonderland to sell â€Å"Alice Comedies† to a distributor. He was contracted to distribute â€Å"Alice Comedies† on October 16,1923 which is the beginning of the â€Å"Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio† which later became the Disney Company. For the first couple of decades the Disney Company was only geared toward one business segment, studio entertainment. Walt had the desire to branchRead MoreSummary Of Disney And His Worlds934 Words   |  4 Pagesreview, I have chosen to read Disney and His Worlds by Alan Bryman. Within the book Bryman gives an extensive background of Walt Disney and how his park, Disneyland, came to be. Although this book wasn’t an enormous read, since the book was only 194 pages of text, I still had trouble sitting down and trying to finish the book. I felt that the book had much of the same information tha t I am being taught in class and what I’m reading in the other assigned textbooks. Disney and His Worlds was an interestingRead MoreMovie Analysis : Snow White And The Seven Dwarfs 1064 Words   |  5 Pageshis movies, Walt Disney (1901-1966) portrayed death as an inevitable element in the life of a family—an element that repeatedly created a routine of young motherless and fatherless characters. Take, as examples, the movie Bambi ( 1942) in which a deer hunter killed Bambi’s mother, the movie Cinderella (1950) in which Cinderella’s mother dies at the beginning of the movie, the movie Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) in which Snow White’s mother dies, once again, at the beginning of the movieRead MoreWalt Disney, a Brief Biography Essay1203 Words   |  5 Pages Walt Disney once said, â€Å"All of our dreams can come true if we have the courage to pursue them.† One man’s dream changed the world. Walt Disney is known worldwide for his ingenuity and creativity. He is also recognized for one of the biggest corporations worldwide. So what has made him stand out? All through Walt’s life, he worked hard to rise above his circumstances, determined never to give up, and above all to never stop dreaming. Walt Disney is among the top most successful businessmen of hisRead MoreAnalysis Of Walt Disney s The Happiest Place On Earth 1159 Words   |  5 Pages The Legend A man by the name of Walt Disney, is the ideal symbol of an American hero. Disney is known to bring inspiration and imagination into many of his productions. Disneyland, the happiest place on earth, was built by Disney in the late forties. As the founder of Walt Disney Company, and a producer, he has collected a record of fifty- nine nominations as an Academy Award winner, winning thirty-two awards, and still holding the record. At sixty-five, Disney died of lung cancer, leaving behindRead MoreWalt Disney Company954 Words   |  4 PagesWalt Disney Company Angela Pursel University of Phoenix COM 530/ Communications for Accountants Brent Smith March 21, 2011 Walt Disney Company Walt Disney is a well-known name in today’s society. Walt Disney once stated, â€Å"You can dream, create, design and build the most wonderful place in the world but it requires people to make the dream a reality† (Sparks, 2007). Marty Sklar, Vice Chairman and principal creative executive for Walt Disney Imagineering was quoted as saying, â€Å"From

Biology Molecule Essay Example For Students

Biology Molecule Essay Unit 1 -man is high 50s to 60% water -distribution in body divided into 3compartments: 1) intracellular 28 litres 2) intercellular/interstitial fluid 11 litres 80% 3) blood plasma 3 litres 20% -women contain less water thanmen -organisms can contain 60-80% water -bacteria have lots of water -fat cellshave little -waters properties result from its structure and molecularinteractions -water is polar -polar covalent bonds and asymmetrical shape giveit opposite charges on opposite sides -electrons spend more time around O givingH a slight positive charge -hydrogen bonds form between the oxygen of onemolecule and the hydrogen of another -cohesion: substance being held together byhydrogen bonds -hydrogen bonds are transient yet enough is always held togetherto give water more structure than almost any other liquid -beads and meniscusformed by cohesion (also helps upward transport of water in plants) -adhesioncounteracts downward pull of gravity -water has greater surface tension thanmo st liquids -surface molecules are hydrogen bonded to molecules below andaround them -surface tension can hinder life (i.e. beading in the alveoli oflungs) -makes water unwettable -surfactants used to counteract this -waterhas a high specific heat which allows it to resist extreme temperature changes-has a high heat of vaporization that causes it to require alot of energy tochange states -when sweating, heat energy is utilized to change states fromliquid to gas, causing a drop in temperature -as a solid water is less densethan as a liquid and will float -charged regions of molecules have an electricalattraction to charged ions -water surrounds ions separating and shielding themfrom one another -polar compounds are generally soluble -charged regions ofwater are attracted to oppositely charged regions of other polar molecules-polar molecules are miscible in other polar liquids -most water moleculesdont dissociate (~ 1/554 million do) -hydrogen atom in hydrogen bond betweenthe two water molecules may shift from the oxygen atom it is covalently bondedto the unshared orbitals of the oxygen that it is hydrogen bonded to -hydrogenion is transferred creating a hydronium ion and leaving a hydroxide ion -thesolvent is water itself -at equilibrium water is not dissociated -at equilibriumin pure water at 25oC = -pH of this solution is 7 (neutral) -high pH= low acidity -acids are substances that increase the relative and removeOH- because it tends to combine with H+ to form water if * , it isacidic and has a pH between 0 and 7 -bases are substances that reduce therelative in a solution -it may increase the -if * , it isbasic and has a pH greater than 7 -buffers are important in the body to keep thepH range between 6 and 8 -pH of blood is between 7.34 and 7.44 -mustnt shiftbelow 7.2 or acidosis will occur -some body zones may have a pH as low as 0.5 oras high as 10 -buffers minimize sudden changes and are a combo of hydrogendonors and hydrogen acceptors -ions are a ccepted when in excess and donated whenin short supply -in biological systems an example is the bicarbonate buffer -inresponse to a rise in pH, the carbonic acid dissociates to form a carbonate ionand a hydrogen proton -if there is a drop, it is reversed (pH up = to right, pHdown = to left) -equilibrium is established but it is always moving to the leftor the right -a balance is the optimum pH -other body buffers include proteinmolecules which donate and accept amino acids to stabilize pH -most of the restof organisms is made up of carbon based compounds like carbs, lipids, proteins,nucleic acids -carbon compounds are known as organic -vitalism is the belief ina life force outside the control of chemical laws -this has been disproved aswater, ammonia, hydrogen and methane have been combined in a lab to form organicsubstances -C+O+H = carbohydrates -C+H+N = amino acids, urea, proteins, lipids-carbon atoms are the most versatile building blocks -each has 4 valences wherebonds can form -carbon chains form the skeleton of most organic molecules -maybe straight or branched, long or short, or in closed rings -hydrocarbons containonly hydrogen and carbon -they form when organic matter decomposes andfunctional groups break off leaving a skeleton -hydrocarbon chains, branches,and rings can be modified by other elements which are joined on in a particularmatter -these are components of organic molecules that are often involved inchemical reactions -they replace 1 or more hydrogens in a hydrocarbonCarbohydrates: -sugars and starches -nonsugars: plant starch, animal starch,cellulose, chitin -come from pasta, rice, flour, fruit, syrups -important sourceof energy, can be oxidized to release energy, improves your mood -contain C, H,and O, with generally 2 times as much H as O -sugar names usually end with -ose,and are named depending on the number of carbons in them (e.g. triose, pentose)-6 carbon sugars, hexoses, are most important -general formula is C6H12O6, andin living systems, the state is aqueous -solids exist in chains, and liquids asrings -the molecular formula is the same for different hexoses, but thestructural formula differs -other isomers of glucose can be reorganized by cellsinto alpha glucose, and then oxidized -glucose is the major nutrient for cellsand its carbon skeleton is raw material for the synthesis of other organicsDisaccharides: -2 hexose sugars-most common are: sucrose, lactose and maltose-glucose + glucose = maltose + water -glucose + fructose = sucrose + water-glucose + galactose = lactose + water -this process is known as condensation ordehydration synthesis -synthesis of disaccharides doesnt happen in the humanbody, but usually they are eaten and digested, through a process known ashydrolysis or disaccharidases Polysaccharides: -these are macromolecules thatare made by condensation when monosaccharides are joined -general molecularformula isC6H12O5 -common polysaccharides are amylose, amylopectin (plantstarch), glycogen ( animal starch), cellulose (cell wall material), chitin(leathery covering of invertebrates) -plants use glucose to grow, and extra isstored in the roots in a soluble form which is then reactivated in the spring this reactivates the growing process year after year -animal starch is stored inspecial cells (average person has a 24 hour supply) and can readily be convertedinto glucose for use -cellulose and chitin are structural carbohydrates -amyloseis formed when glucose molecules join in a 1-4 linkage pattern -first carbon ofone glucose links to the fourth carbon of another -this is a covalent bond or aglycosiolic link -bond is angular and forms a spiral called an alpha helix -ifit branches, amylopectin is formed -cellulose is a 1-4 linkage of beta glucose-this creates a straight strand and not a helix -these bonds are rigid andrequire special enzymes (cellulase) to break them -the position of the betaglucose molecules alternates Lipids: -humans rarely eat pure lipids -cellmembranes a re primarily lipid and lipids can easily enter cells, carrying afoods flavor with them -a diet should have less than 30% fat, 55-65% carbs,and 10-15% protein -lipids are important as a source of energy, insulation(adipose tissue), cushions for the internal organs, as a lubricant, as anemulsifying agent (cholesterol in bile), as a structural component of cells (1/6of brain is fat), cholesterol as a precursor molecule for vitamin D, cortisone,testosterone, progesterone, and estrogen -lipids are simplest biologicalmolecules and are composed mostly of C, H and a few Os -they are energy richbecause of the high C to H ratio -fat consists of a glycerol molecule connectedby ester bonds to a 3 fatty acid molecule (this is a tryglyceride) -if the bondsbetween the carbons are single bonds, the fatty acid is saturated (fat formed isa saturate) -if they have multiple bonds, it is an unsaturated fat -apolysaturate is more than one fatty acid held together by single bonds -multiplebonds can be bro ken and extra hydrogens added through hydrogenation -shortchained fats of unsaturated fatty acids are soft with a low b.p. -long chainedfats of saturated fatty acids are harder with a high b.p. -length of chainsaffects boiling point the most -to make an oil from a solid, you musthydrogenate it Steroids: -saturated fatty acids can be converted to the steroidcholesterol -triglycerides are monitored more closely in the blood thancholesterol -the amount of saturates converted to cholesterol is genetic-abnormal genes can cause excessive production (1 gene = severe heart disease, 2= shortened life span) -liver produces cholesterol -steroids have a 5 ring shape-examples are androgens, estrogens, and cortisone Proteins: -there are 20 aminoacids, 8 of which are essential and can be converted into any of the other 12-protein rich foods are digested into amino acids and the body absorbs them tomake their own proteins -liver cells convert them into absent aminos =transaminofication -proteins ar e synthesized on ribosomes in the cytoplasms ofcells or on polysomes (ribosome chains0 -DNA codes proteins by copying its infoonto a shorter strand known as mRNA (m = a message to synthesize a protein) -themessage is received and a protein is synthesized -for synthesis all 20 arerequired -number, sequence and type of amino acids making up the protein is theprimary structure this is determined by DNA -secondary structure is thecoiling or pleating of amino acid chains, caused by rigid peptide bonds whichare bent by strong intermolecular attraction between hydrogens and oxygens ofevery fourth amino this results in a regular, repeating twist or an alphahelix-chains lie parallel to one another and form hydrogen bonds between themselves this is a beta sheet but is not very common -secondary structure is determinedby intermolecular bonds -tertiary structure refers to the folds in the coiledchain -this is called by a thiol called cysteine this can form a bridge whenit meets another cyste ine -when 2 cysteines meet, a disulfide link is formed-insulin has 6 cysteine amino acids and forms 3 bridges and a slightly globularprotein -the more cysteine amino acids there are, the more folds or joints thatresult and the more globular the protein is -globular proteins are thedoers that function because they have a particular shape due to thecysteine-cysteine sulfur bridges -some proteins may be a bunch of polypeptidechains close together -this is quaternary structure, which very few proteinshave -all proteins have a primary and secondary structure, but few have atertiary structure, and even fewer a quaternary -proteins can be 50-50,000 aminoacids long -amino acids are joined by peptide bonds, a covalent bond between theC of one amino acid and the N of a neighbour -a polypeptide chain is a string ofaminos not long enough to be a protein -amino acids are so named because oftheir two functional groups, the amine group and the carboxylic acid groupNucleic Acids: -all living cells contain DNA and RNA -these carry instructionsfor making proteins and specify the sequence in which amino acids should belinked together -DNA and RNA are polynucleotides, polymers of nucleotides-nucleotides consist of a phosphate group + a pentose + a nitrogenous base -theycan be linked together by condensation to form a polynucleotide -if a nucleotidecontains ribose, it becomes Ribo Nucleic Acid -these are always just a singlestrand, but may be looped into 3 dimensional shapes -if the nucleotide containsdeoxyribose, Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid results -DNA molecules are far longer thanRNA molecules, and can never contain Uracil -4 possible bases are adenine,guanine, cytosine, and thymine -DNA molecules contain two polynucleotidestrands, held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases -hydrogen bonds canonly be formed between specific base pairs: Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine-a sense strand is a sequence of bases that tells the order in which to stringtogether the amino acids -a le ngth of DNA coding the sequence for a polypeptideis called a gene -three bases, a codon, specify an amino acid -there are 64possible arrangements of bases in a codon -polypeptides are made when 2 strandsof DNA split up and an RNA molecule builds up against the sense strand -basesequence of RNA must match that of the DNA molecule -a complete RNA moleculethen peels off and travels to the location where polypeptides are made -sequenceof bases on a DNA molecule is the same for a human or a bacteria OtherNucleotides: -a slightly different version of one of the nucleotides that formsRNA is ATP -ATP contains ribose, adenine and 3 phosphate groups instead of 1-phosphate groups may be lost one at a time to make ADP (di) or AMP (mono) -allliving cells make ATP as an energy currency, it is produced constantly -ATPmolecules usually last less than a minute before being broken down -~40 kg isproduced in a day -if a cell needs energy, it hydrolyses ATP and releases energyin small packets NAD: -con tains ribose sugar, adenine and 2 nucleotides -onenucleotide does not contain any of the 5 bases, but instead a nicotinamide ring-they can accept hydrogens and become NADH -hydrogens are accepted or passed onduring respiration or photosynthesis. The Importance of a Formal Education Essay